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瑪莎·P·約翰遜

維基百科,自由的百科全書
瑪莎·P·約翰遜
Marsha P. Johnson
出生Malcolm Michaels Jr.[1][2][3][4]
(1945-08-24)1945年8月24日[1][2][3]
美國新澤西州伊麗莎白[5]
逝世1992年7月6日(1992歲—07—06)(46歲)[5]
美國紐約
知名於同性戀解放運動

瑪莎·約翰遜(英語:Marsha P. Johnson,1945年8月24日—1992年7月6日)是美國同性戀解放運動[6][7]活動人士、變裝皇后打扮者、變性人[8][9] [10],1969年石牆暴動中的核心人物之一,[6] [11] [12]此外她還是同性戀解放陣線英語Gay Liberation Front街頭易裝癖行動革命者英語Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries創始成員。[13]1992年,約翰遜的遺體在哈德遜河被發現。警察最初判斷死亡原因為自殺[14],但約翰遜的友人堅持認為約翰遜是被他殺[15][16]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Washington, K.C. Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992). BlackPast.org英語BlackPast.org. April 9, 2019 [June 30, 2020]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-14). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Sewell Chan. Marsha P. Johnson, a Transgender Pioneer and Activist – The New York Times. The New York Times (Nytimes.com). March 8, 2018 [March 9, 2018]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-28). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Scan of Birth Certificate頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館). Name: Malcolm Michaels; Sex: Male; Place of Birth: St. Elizabeth Hospital; Date of Birth: August 24, 1945; Registration Date: August 27, 1945; Date of Issue: September 4, 1990. Accessed September 10, 2015.
  4. ^ U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007, Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries: "Michaels, Malcolm Jr [Malcolm Mike Michaels Jr], [M Michae Jr], [Malculm Jr]. …Gender: Male. Race: Black. Birth Date: 24 Aug 1945. Birth Place: Elizabeth, Union, New Jersey [Elizabeth, New Jersey]. Death Date: Jul 1992. Database on-line. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com"
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Chan 2018.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Kasino 2012.
  7. ^ I've been involved in gay liberation ever since it first started in 1969, 15:20 into the interview, Johnson is quoted as saying this.
  8. ^ 誰「有權」訴說黑人女變性者的故事?. BBC. [2020-07-03]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-26). 
  9. ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. 工人世界黨. September 24, 2006 [July 15, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-09). Stonewall combatants Sylvia Rivera and Marsha "Pay It No Mind" Johnson... Both were self-identified drag queens. 
  10. ^ Two Transgender Activists Are Getting a Monument in New York. May 29, 2019 [2020-07-03]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-30). 'I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville, until I became a drag queen,' Ms. Johnson said in 1992. 
  11. ^ Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin's. 2004: 64, 261, 298. ISBN 0-312-20025-0. 
  12. ^ Making Gay History: Episode 11 – Johnson & Wicker. 1987 [July 6, 2017]. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-02). 
  13. ^ Giffney, Noreen. Queering the Non/Human. December 28, 2012: 252 [July 9, 2017]. ISBN 9781409491408. (原始內容存檔於2020-07-01). 
  14. ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman. 波士頓: Beacon Press英語Beacon Press. 1996: 131. ISBN 0-8070-7941-3. 
  15. ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Bennie Toney 1992".  Accessed July 26, 2015.
  16. ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Marsha P Johnson – People's Memorial".  Accessed July 26, 2015.

資料來源

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外部連結

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