科林·羅伯特·蔡斯
| 科林·蔡斯 | |
|---|---|
| 出生 | 科林·羅伯特·蔡斯 1935年2月5日 美國科羅拉多州丹佛 |
| 逝世 | 1984年10月13日（49歲） |
| 職業 | 英語教授 |
| 活躍時期 | 1971至1984年 |
| 知名作品 |
|
| 簽名 | |
 | |
科林·羅伯特·蔡斯（英語：Colin Robert Chase，1935年2月5日—1984年10月13日）是以研究古英語和盎格魯-拉丁語文學聞名的美國學者，多倫多大學英語副教授。《貝奧武夫年代測定》是他最有名的著作，質疑過去認為盎格魯－撒克遜詩歌《貝奧武夫》是在八世紀後半葉創作的公認正統測定，《貝奧武夫手冊》認為蔡斯令學術界觀點出于謹慎走向模糊，如此很有必要。[1]:33[2]:846
蔡斯生於丹佛，父親是報業高管，母親瑪麗·科伊爾·蔡斯是拿過普利茲戲劇獎的劇作家，科林在父母三子裡排第二，兩個兄弟都當上演員，科林一度考慮但最後投身英語文學、古典學、哲學研究。獲哈佛大學文學學士、聖路易大學與約翰斯·霍普金斯大學文學碩士後，他1971年獲多倫多大學哲學博士學位，同年該校任命他擔任助理教授。
除《貝奧武夫年代測定》外，蔡斯著作《雙本阿爾琴信書》是八世紀學者阿爾琴24封信的學術文獻集。他為《中世紀詞典》創作文章或章節約八篇，花費近十年為《古英語通訊》《本年古英語研究》欄目《貝奧武夫》章節創作。1984年，即將晉升教授的蔡斯死於癌症，年僅49歲。
早年經歷和教育
[編輯]科林·羅伯特·蔡斯1935年生於科羅拉多州丹佛[3]，父親羅伯特·拉蒙特·蔡斯是報業高管，母親瑪麗·科伊爾·蔡斯是1945年普利茲戲劇獎得主[4][5]。科林在父母三子裡排第二，與哥哥麥可·拉蒙特·蔡斯和弟弟巴里·傑羅姆·「傑瑞」·蔡斯都有意投身表演事業[4]。麥可就讀卡內基·梅隆戲劇學院，是維吉尼亞州阿賓登物物交換劇院演員[6][7]。傑瑞·蔡斯參演舞台劇和電影，14歲時演出母親的劇作[8][9][10]，還曾自創劇目《戰鬥靴灰姑娘》[5][11]。科林曾參加校園劇目演出但沒走上演藝道路[3]。
蔡斯在丹佛長大，兒時就讀特勒小學[12]。母親的劇目《哈維》大賣導致他在四年級時受人欺負，瑪麗後在《敦刻爾克晚間觀察報》客座專欄談及[12]。蔡斯1956年獲哈佛大學文學學士學位，在耶穌會神學院深造古典學與哲學五年[3]。1962年和1964年，他分別獲聖路易大學與約翰斯·霍普金斯大學文學碩士學位[13][3]，1964年由多倫多大學錄取，1967年當上兼職講師，1971年獲哲學博士學位[3][14]，論文標題《古英語詩歌面板結構》[14]。
事業
[編輯]蔡斯1971年完成哲學論文答辯並當上多倫多大學助理教授，四年後晉升副教授。他教授各種課程，門下博士生眾多。1977至1984年蔡斯是聖米迦勒學院和中世紀研究中心教員，還曾執掌該中心拉丁語委員會。[3]
蔡斯絕大部分作品屬古英語和盎格魯-拉丁語文學範疇，主要研究諾曼征服前的英格蘭文學。1976年起他在《古英語通訊》擔任《本年古英語研究》欄目《貝奧武夫》組首席評審，1981年編撰合集《貝奧武夫年代測定》是他最有名的著作。[3]1975年學術文集《雙本阿爾琴信書》也是他的重要作品[3][15]，內含八世紀學者阿爾琴的24封信和學術文獻[16][17]。阿爾琴去世兩個世紀後，約克大主教伍爾夫斯坦集齊上述信件，手稿現存大英圖書館科頓收藏。許多信件明顯不是個人通信，而是說教；還有些是感謝函或祝願康復卡片的寫作範文，估計用於輔導學生如何用拉丁語寫信。[18][16]蔡斯為合集撰寫八篇文章，參與三段多倫多大學媒體中心製作的視頻，其中又以《薩頓胡船葬》最流行，介紹薩福克郡薩頓胡出土的盎格魯-撒克遜人船葬[3]。他還在傑克·奧格爾維著作《英格蘭人知道的書》修訂計劃早期出任行政委員會委員，創作參考書描繪影響盎格魯-撒克遜英格蘭文化的源頭[3][19][20]。
《貝奧武夫年代測定》以質疑盎格魯－撒克遜詩歌《貝奧武夫》年代的傳統測定聞名[21][2]:843–846。《貝奧武夫》是古英語詩歌名作，公元千年之交僅一份手稿存世，1815年首度以現代技術出版後引起廣泛關注，催生《貝奧武夫手冊》所述「《貝奧武夫》學最棘手問題最令人迷惑的辯論：詩的作者，創作時間、地點，為誰而作？」[1]:17蔡斯所撰引言《1815至1980年貝奧武夫年代意見集》針對第一個問題追溯一個半世紀的學術探討，推斷的創作時間起初暫定四世紀後不久，1980年起基本固定在八世紀後半葉[22]；學者稱讚引言去蕪存精、選材平衡[23]。著作各章節嘗試不同角度推斷年份，如歷史、韻律、文體、手稿[23]。蔡斯認為《貝奧武夫》字裡行間體現對待英雄文化既欣賞又心懷告誡的平衡態度，由此推斷創作時代的英雄文化得以充分、積極展現，但不會浪漫化處理，作者對英雄既不畏懼、也不迷戀[24]。鑑於追蹤歷史觀念演變的素材匱乏，蔡斯借用同時期更有名的聖徒傳記[25]，發現早期傳記似乎「力圖避免甚至壓制」對英雄文化與價值觀的顯著開發，晚期傳記變成「以全面融合盎格魯－撒克遜文化的形式倡導英雄價值觀」。蔡斯推斷：「《貝奧武夫》的創作時期很可能既非早至八世紀，也不晚到十世紀，而是在多變且混亂的九世紀」。[25]彼得·克萊默斯、凱文·基爾南等學者執筆的章節認為該詩最早寫於八世紀，最晚十一世紀[26]。《貝奧武夫手冊》指出，蔡斯的著作問世後，學術界對《貝奧武夫》的年代評定出于謹慎走向模糊，如此很有必要[1]:33[2]:846。評論認為《貝奧武夫年代測定》是「古英語研究重要的不確定因素」，宣稱「今後針對該詩與年代的探討都將從本書開始」[27][2]:847。蔡斯1984年在即將晉升教授之際與世長辭，年僅49歲[3]。此時他還在研究聖徒生平，開始鑽研新版系列諾曼征服前聖人傳記[3]。學者保羅·薩馬奇表示，蔡斯的「學識與個人榜樣教導我們良多，（他的死）是我們的重大損失」[28]。多倫多大學中世紀研究中心聯合安大略學生機遇信託基金每年頒發科林·蔡斯紀念助學金[3][29]，得主必須是「中世紀研究中心研究生」，評獎規則主要考慮「學術成就與經濟需要」[29]。
私生活
[編輯]蔡斯與夫人喬伊斯（娘家姓布賴特巴赫）有五個孩子：迪爾德麗、羅伯特、蒂姆、瑪麗、派屈克[3][30][31]，他還是天主教會執事並參加培訓項目[3]。夫妻二人分別在1984和2003年死於癌症[3][31]。
出版作品
[編輯]書籍
[編輯]- Chase, Colin. Panel Structure in Old English Poetry (學位論文). Toronto: University of Toronto. 1971. ProQuest 302621579.
- Chase, Colin (編). Two Alcuin Letter-Books. Toronto Medieval Latin Texts 5. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 1975 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-88844-454-0.
- Chase, Colin (編). The Dating of Beowulf. Toronto Old English Series 6. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1981 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-8020-7879-6. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt1287v33.
- 蔡斯創作兩個章節的書籍：
- Chase, Colin. Opinions on the Date of Beowulf, 1815–1980. The Dating of Beowulf. : 3–8 [2021-12-02]. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt1287v33.5.
- Chase, Colin. Saints' Lives, Royal Lives, and the Date of Beowulf. The Dating of Beowulf. : 161–172 [2021-12-02]. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt1287v33.15.
章節
[編輯]- Chase, Colin. Alcuin's Grammar Verse: Poetry and Truth in Carolingian Pedagogy. Herren, Michael W. (編). Insular Latin Studies: Papers on Latin Texts and Manuscripts of the British Isles: 550–1066. Papers in Mediaeval Studies 1. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. 1981: 135–152. ISBN 0-88844-801-5.
- Chase, Colin. The Age of Ælfric. Szarmach, Paul E. (編). Anglo-Latin in the Context of Old English Literature. Old English Newsletter Subsidia 9. Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton. 1983: 17–24. ISSN 0739-8549.
- 摘要：Chase, Colin. Anglo-Latin in the Context of Old English Literature: the Age of Ælfric (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1983, 16 (2): 51 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）.
- 摘要：Chase, Colin. Anglo-Latin in the Context of Old English Literature: the Age of Ælfric (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1983, 16 (2): 51 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）.
- Chase, Colin. Beowulf, Bede, and St. Oswine: The Hero's Pride in Old English Hagiography. Woods, J. Douglas; Pelteret, David A. E. (編). The Anglo-Saxons: Synthesis and Achievement. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. 1985: 37–48. ISBN 0-88920-166-8.
- Chase, Colin. Source Study as a Trick with Mirrors: Annihilation of Meaning in the Old English "Mary of Egypt". Szarmach, Paul Edward; Oggins, Virginia Darrow (編). Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture. Studies in Medieval Culture 20. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications. 1986: 23–33 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-918720-67-2.
- 再版：Chase, Colin. Beowulf, Bede, and St. Oswine: The Hero's Pride in Old English Hagiography. Baker, Peter S. (編). The Beowulf Reader. Basic Readings in Anglo-Saxon England 1. New York: Routledge. 2000: 181–194. ISBN 0-8153-3666-7.
文章
[編輯]- Chase, Colin. God's Presence Through Grace as the Theme of Cynewulf's Christ II and the Relationship of this Theme to Christ I and Christ III. Anglo-Saxon England (London: Cambridge University Press). December 1974, 3: 87–101. doi:10.1017/S0263675100000600.
- Chase, Colin. Background for Nostalgia in the Hagiography of Late Anglo-Saxon England (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1981, 14 (2): 30–31 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-20）.
- Chase, Colin. Mary of Egypt and the Seven Holy Sleepers: A Methodological Inquiry (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1983, 16 (2): 66 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）.
- Chase, Colin. The Yellow Brick Road to St. Anthony and St. Guthlac: or 'You Can't Get There from Here' (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1984, 17 (2): A–35–A–36 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-21）.
評論
[編輯]- Chase, Colin. Review of Ingeld and Christ: Heroic Concepts and Values in Old English Christian Poetry, by Michael D. Cherniss. The Review of English Studies (Oxford: Clarendon Press). 1976-11, XXVII (108): 448–450. JSTOR 513799.
- Chase, Colin. Review of The Early Charters of the Thames Valley, by Margaret Gellin. Albion (Boone, North Carolina: Appalachian State University Department of History). Summer 1980, 12 (2): 175–176. JSTOR 4048817.
- Chase, Colin. Review of Alcuin: The Bishops, Kings, and Saints of York, edited by Peter Godman. Albion. New Series (Boone, North Carolina: Appalachian State University Department of History). Winter 1983, 15 (4): 343–344. JSTOR 4049139.
- Chase, Colin. Review of The Old English Elegies: New Essays in Criticism and Research, edited by Martin Green. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Medieval Academy of America). 1985-07, 60 (3): 680–682. JSTOR 2848198.
其他
[編輯]- 《本年古英語研究》
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1975: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1976, X (1): 59–63 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-11）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1976: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1977, XI (1): 54–59 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-20）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1977: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1978, XII (1): 54–60 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1978: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1979, XIII (1): 44–48 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-17）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1979: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1980, XIV (1): 48–52 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-17）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1980: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1981, XV (1): 95–101 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1981: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1982, XVI (1): 69–79 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-20）.
- Chase, Colin. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1982: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1983, XVII (1): 82–92 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-20）.
- Chase, Colin; Taylor, Andrew. This Year's Work in Old English Studies – 1983: Beowulf (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Fall 1984, XVIII (1): 89–97 [2021-12-02]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-12-01）.
- 《中世紀詞典》
- Chase, Colin. Acrostics–Wordplay. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 1. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1982: 45–46 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-16760-3.
- Chase, Colin. Alfred the Great. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 1. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1982: 163–164 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-16760-3.
- Chase, Colin. Alfred the Great and Translations. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 1. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1982: 164–167 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-16760-3.
- Chase, Colin. Anglo-Latin Poetry. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 1. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1982: 254–255 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-16760-3.
- Chase, Colin. Beowulf. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 2. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1983: 182–185 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-17022-1.
- Chase, Colin. Carolingian Latin Poetry. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 3. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1983: 99–103 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-17023-X.
- Chase, Colin. Frithegod. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 5. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1985: 302 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-18161-4.
- Chase, Colin. Modoin. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 8. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1987: 451 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-18274-2.
- Chase, Colin. Paul the Deacon. Strayer, Joseph R. (編). Dictionary of the Middle Ages 9. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1987: 467–468 [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-684-18275-0.
參考資料
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bjork, Robert E.; Obermeier, Anita. Date, Provenance, Author, Audiences. Bjork, Robert E.; Niles, John D. (編). A Beowulf Handbook. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. 1997-11: 13–34 [2021-12-01]. ISBN 0-8032-1237-2. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-01）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Frank, Roberta. A Scandal in Toronto: 'The Dating of 'Beowulf' a Quarter Century On. Speculum (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Medieval Academy of America). 2007-10, 82 (4): 843–864. JSTOR 20466079. S2CID 162726731. doi:10.1017/S0038713400011313.
- ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 Rigg, Arthur G.; Szarmach, Paul E. In Memoriam: Colin Chase (1935–84) (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Spring 1985, 18 (2): 18 [2021-12-01]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-15）. ; published online as Rigg, Arthur G.; Szarmach, Paul E. In Memoriam: Colin Chase (1935–84). Old English Newsletter. 1985 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-29）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C. Mary Coyle Chase. Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Phoenix, Arizona: Oryx Press. 1999: 106 [2021-12-01]. ISBN 1-57356-111-8.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Barry J. Chase. Times Herald-Record (Middletown, New York). 2020-11-03 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-14） –透過Legacy.com.
- ^ Chase-Taylor Wedding Held. The Gettysburg Times 49 (213) (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania). 1951-09-06: 2 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-27） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Chase–Taylor. The Evening Sun 77 (149) (Hanover, Pennsylvania). 1951-09-07: 2 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-27） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Schroetter, Hilda Noel. "Mr. Thing" World Premiere Enraptures First-Nighters. Bristol Herald Courier 81 (17,635) (Bristol, Virginia–Tennessee). 1951-08-01: 3, 10 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-02） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Romanoff & Juliet open at Mission Playhouse. Entertainment & Dining Guide. Eagle Rock Sentinel 27 (23) (Los Angeles, California). 1963-03-21: 10 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-27） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Soanes, Wood. Curtain Calls: Press Agents Can Be Just Too Cute—or Vice-Versa. Oakland Tribune CLVI (21) (Oakland, California). 1952-01-21: 15 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-29） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Jerry Chase. Dramatists Play Service. [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-14）.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Chase, Mary. Broadway. Dunkirk Evening Observer. CXCVIII (8) (Dunkirk, New York). 1945-07-11: 6 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-27） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ Masters of Arts: with titles of essays. Conferring of Degrees at the close of the eighty-eighth academic year (PDF). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University. 1964-06-09: 24–27 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-18）.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Chase 1971.
- ^ Chase 1975.
- ^ 16.0 16.1 Godman, Peter. Review of Two Alcuin Letter-Books, edited by Colin Chase. Medium Ævum (Oxford: Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1976, XLV (3): 294. JSTOR 43628227.
- ^ Garfagnini, Gian Carlo. Review of Three Lives of English Saints, edited by Michael Winterbottom, of The Gospel of Nichodemus: Gesta Salvatoris, edited by Hack Chin Kim, of Peter the Venerable: Selected Letters, edited by Janet Martin, and of Two Alcuin Letter-Books, edited by Colin Chase. Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Lettere e Filosofia (Pisa: Scuola Normale & University of Pisa). 1978, VIII (4): 1722–1723. JSTOR 24303321.
- ^ Chase 1975，第1–3頁.
- ^ Carnahan, Shirley. In Memoriam: J.D.A. Ogilvy (1903–93) (PDF). Old English Newsletter (Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton). Summer 1993, 26 (4): 5 [2021-12-01]. ISSN 0030-1973. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2021-11-06）. ; published online as Carnahan, Shirley. In Memoriam: J.D.A. Ogilvy (1903–93). Old English Newsletter. 1993 [2021-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-12）.
- ^ Biggs, Frederick M.; Hill, Thomas D.; Szarmach, Paul E. (編). Sources of Anglo-Saxon Literary Culture: A Trial Version. Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies 74. Binghamton, New York: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton. 1990: vii [2021-12-01]. ISBN 0-86698-084-9. （原始內容存檔於2022-07-07）.
- ^ Jacobs, Nicolas. Review of The Dating of Beowulf, edited by Colin Chase. Medium Ævum (Oxford: Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature). 1984, LIII (1): 117. JSTOR 43628801. doi:10.2307/43628801.
- ^ Chase 1981，第3–8頁.
- ^ 23.0 23.1 Trahern Jr., Joseph B. Review of The Dating of Beowulf, edited by Colin Chase, and of Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript, by Kevin S. Kiernan. Journal of English and Germanic Philology (Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press). 1984-01,. LXXXIII (1): 107. ISSN 0363-6941. JSTOR 27709285.
- ^ Chase 1981，第162頁.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 Chase 1981，第163頁.
- ^ Chase 1981，第9, 185, 187頁.
- ^ Chase 1981，第i頁.
- ^ Szarmach, Paul Edward. Foreward. Szarmach, Paul Edward; Oggins, Virginia Darrow (編). Sources of Anglo-Saxon Culture. Studies in Medieval Culture 20. Kalamazoo, Michigan: Medieval Institute Publications. 1986: xi [2021-12-02]. ISBN 0-918720-67-2.
- ^ 29.0 29.1 Scholarships by Department → Medieval Studies. University of Toronto Faculty of Arts and Science. [2021-12-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-14）.
- ^ Rita C. Breitbach. Deaths. The Bradenton Herald (Bradenton, Florida). 1983-10-21: B-2 [2021-12-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-27） –透過Newspapers.com.
- ^ 31.0 31.1 Joyce Chase. Obituaries. Telegraph Herald 167 (343) (Dubuque, Iowa). 2003-12-09: 4C [2021-12-02]. （原始內容存檔於2021-11-21）.
