菲律賓毒品戰爭

菲律賓毒品戰爭
菲律賓毒品戰爭
	菲律賓總統羅德里戈·杜特蒂發起禁毒運動
日期	2016 年7月1日–至今 ; (8年5個月又1天)
地點	菲律賓
狀況	進行中
衝突方
Philippine government Philippine National Police; Inter-Agency Committee on Anti-Illegal Drugs; Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency; National Bureau of Investigation; Armed Forces of the Philippines; Bureau of Customs; Department of Justice; Anti-Money Laundering Council; Philippine Coast Guard; Non-state participants: CPP-NPA; (until August 2016); MILF; Vigilantes Davao Death Squad; ; Hired hitmen; Foreign support: 中國; (intelligence and financial support); 新加坡; (intelligence support); 美國; (financial support);	Local-based drug dealers, distributors: Bahala Na Gang; Waray-Waray gangs; Kuratong Baleleng; Sigue Sigue Sputnik; Ninja cops (police officers engaged in the drug trade) Suspected drug users Foreign drug cartels: Sinaloa Cartel; Chinese Triads; Colombian Drug Cartels (allegedly); Abu Sayyaf (allegedly);
領導人物
President Bongbong Marcos (2022–present) President Rodrigo Duterte (2016–22); Police General Rommel Francisco Marbil (2024–present); Police General Benjamin Acorda Jr. (2023–2024); Police General Rodolfo Azurin Jr. (2022–2023); Police General Dionardo Carlos (2021–2022); Police General Guillermo Eleazar (2021); Police General Debold Sinas (2020–21); Police General Camilo Cascolan (2020); Police General Archie Gamboa (2019–20); Police General Oscar Albayalde (2018–19); Director General Ronald dela Rosa (2016–18); Director General Isidro S. Lapeña (2016–17); Director General Aaron N. Aquino (2017–20); Director General Wilkins M. Villanueva (2020–22); Director General Moro Virgilio M. Lazo (2022–present); Vice President and ICAD Co-Chairperson Leni Robredo (2019);
傷亡
114 killed and 226 wounded (as of January 9, 2022)	6,229 killed in official anti-drug operations (as of March 30, 2022)
	20,000 civilians killed (as of October 7, 2022)

菲律賓毒品戰爭是菲律賓總統羅德里戈·杜特蒂執政期間發起的禁毒運動 ^[23]。在毒品戰爭期間，有不少人遭到法外處決。 ^[24]2022年，人權組織估計，有超過20,000名平民在菲律賓毒品戰爭中喪生。 ^[22]小費迪南德·馬科斯當選總統後，表示會繼續開展禁毒運動，不過他表示他會將重點放在毒品預防和戒毒上。 ^[25]

註釋

^ The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing the New People's Army (NPA), initially cooperated with the government but withdrew its support for the government's campaign against drugs in August 2016. The CPP has vowed to continue operations, independent from the government's anti-drug campaign, against drug suspects.^[3]
^ Foreign support towards the campaign against illegal drugs includes intelligence sharing, training of Filipino law enforcement officers, and financial aid explicitly meant for such purposes. Excludes governments which has only expressed verbal, diplomatic support, and pledges that have yet to be realized.

參考文獻

^ Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte orders police back into deadly drug war. The Guardian (Agence France-Presse). December 6, 2017.
^ NPA backs Duterte fight vs drugs. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. July 4, 2016 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2024-07-10）.
^ CPP: Duterte's drug war is 'anti-people, anti-democratic'. ABS-CBN News. [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-22）. Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) has withdrawn its support for President Rodrigo Duterte's war on illegal drugs, saying it has "clearly become anti-people and anti-democratic.""; "In conclusion, the group said its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA), will intensify its operations to arrest and disarm drug suspects, but will no longer cooperate with government's anti-narcotics drive.
^ Lim, Frinston. MILF formally joins war on drugs. Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 3, 2017 [July 4, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-02）.
^ Woody, Christopher. The Philippines' president has declared a war on drugs, and it's turned normal people into hired killers. Business Insider. September 5, 2016 [September 22, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-21）.
^ Philippines: The police's murderous war on the poor. Amnesty International. January 31, 2017 [February 9, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Richard Heydarian. Manila's war on drugs is helping to build bridges between China and the Philippines. South China Morning Post. October 1, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-01）.
^ Mirasol, Jeremy Dexter. Cooperation with China on the Philippines' War on Drugs. Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies (CIRSS). May 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於March 7, 2019）.
^ Aben, Elena L. Singapore backs Duterte's tough stance against drugs. Manila Bulletin. December 17, 2016 [March 4, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於December 1, 2018）.
^ Nyshka Chandran. The US-Philippine relationship is central to two of Asia's thorniest issues. CNBC. November 14, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-14）.
^ 18 killed overnight in Manila. August 17, 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-18）.
^ 6 gun-for-hire gang men killed in Rizal shootout. Tempo: News Flashes. [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-09-20）. October 10, 2018
^ Shape up, Duterte warns those reviving 'Kuratong Baleleng'. Manila Bulletin. December 1, 2020 [January 22, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-13）.
^ LEADER OF SIGUE-SIGUE SPUTNIK GANG AND NONOY ROBBERY/SNATCHING GROUP ARRESTED IN SAMPALOC, MANILA. NCRPO. [February 22, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於January 27, 2022）. July 28, 2020
^ Sinaloa cartel in cahoots with Chinese syndicates for Philippine ops – PDEA. ABS-CBN News. February 13, 2019 [February 13, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.
^ PDEA names triads behind shabu supply in Philippines. The Philippine Star. October 3, 2017 [February 13, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-16）.
^ Colombian drug cartel active in PH, PDEA says. February 27, 2019 [February 27, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-16）.
^ Philippines: Abu Sayyaf uses drugs for recruits, funds. September 29, 2016 [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-26）.
^ Tupas, Emmanuel. New PNP chief vows to sustain war on drugs. The Philippine Star. [2022-08-19]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.
^ Philippine Information Agency #RealNumbersPH 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期July 16, 2018，.
^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey. Give drug war report to human rights groups, Duterte tells PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022 [April 17, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於March 31, 2022）（英語）.
^ ^22.0 ^22.1 Schlein, Lein. UN: For Victims of Philippines 'War on Drugs,' Justice Remains Elusive. Voices of America. October 7, 2022 [2024-04-22]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-25）（美國英語）.
^ Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd. Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022. （原始內容存檔於March 31, 2022）（英語）.
^ Valente, Catherine S. First 100 days yield significant accomplishments. The Manila Times. October 8, 2016 [May 15, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於December 5, 2019）（英語）.
^ Patag, Kristine Joy. A quick look at Bongbong Marcos and his 'unity' campaign. February 27, 2022 [July 2, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於June 25, 2022）.

[npa-4] The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing the New People's Army (NPA), initially cooperated with the government but withdrew its support for the government's campaign against drugs in August 2016. The CPP has vowed to continue operations, independent from the government's anti-drug campaign, against drug suspects.^[3]

[foreignsupport-8] Foreign support towards the campaign against illegal drugs includes intelligence sharing, training of Filipino law enforcement officers, and financial aid explicitly meant for such purposes. Excludes governments which has only expressed verbal, diplomatic support, and pledges that have yet to be realized.

[1] Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte orders police back into deadly drug war. The Guardian (Agence France-Presse). December 6, 2017.

[2] NPA backs Duterte fight vs drugs. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. July 4, 2016 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2024-07-10）.

[News-3] CPP: Duterte's drug war is 'anti-people, anti-democratic'. ABS-CBN News. [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2024-02-22）. Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) has withdrawn its support for President Rodrigo Duterte's war on illegal drugs, saying it has "clearly become anti-people and anti-democratic.""; "In conclusion, the group said its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA), will intensify its operations to arrest and disarm drug suspects, but will no longer cooperate with government's anti-narcotics drive.

[milfjoins-5] Lim, Frinston. MILF formally joins war on drugs. Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 3, 2017 [July 4, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-02）.

[hasdeclared-6] Woody, Christopher. The Philippines' president has declared a war on drugs, and it's turned normal people into hired killers. Business Insider. September 5, 2016 [September 22, 2016]. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-21）.

[poor-7] Philippines: The police's murderous war on the poor. Amnesty International. January 31, 2017 [February 9, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-23）.

[SCMP-China-9] 7.0 ^7.1 Richard Heydarian. Manila's war on drugs is helping to build bridges between China and the Philippines. South China Morning Post. October 1, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-01）.

[10] Mirasol, Jeremy Dexter. Cooperation with China on the Philippines' War on Drugs. Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies (CIRSS). May 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於March 7, 2019）.

[MB-SingaporeBacks-11] Aben, Elena L. Singapore backs Duterte's tough stance against drugs. Manila Bulletin. December 17, 2016 [March 4, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於December 1, 2018）.

[12] Nyshka Chandran. The US-Philippine relationship is central to two of Asia's thorniest issues. CNBC. November 14, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2017-11-14）.

[13] 18 killed overnight in Manila. August 17, 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2020-08-18）.

[Rizal-14] 6 gun-for-hire gang men killed in Rizal shootout. Tempo: News Flashes. [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-09-20）. October 10, 2018

[15] Shape up, Duterte warns those reviving 'Kuratong Baleleng'. Manila Bulletin. December 1, 2020 [January 22, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於2024-04-13）.

[16] LEADER OF SIGUE-SIGUE SPUTNIK GANG AND NONOY ROBBERY/SNATCHING GROUP ARRESTED IN SAMPALOC, MANILA. NCRPO. [February 22, 2021]. （原始內容存檔於January 27, 2022）. July 28, 2020

[17] Sinaloa cartel in cahoots with Chinese syndicates for Philippine ops – PDEA. ABS-CBN News. February 13, 2019 [February 13, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.

[18] PDEA names triads behind shabu supply in Philippines. The Philippine Star. October 3, 2017 [February 13, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2024-01-16）.

[19] Colombian drug cartel active in PH, PDEA says. February 27, 2019 [February 27, 2019]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-16）.

[20] Philippines: Abu Sayyaf uses drugs for recruits, funds. September 29, 2016 [2024-06-23]. （原始內容存檔於2023-11-26）.

[21] Tupas, Emmanuel. New PNP chief vows to sustain war on drugs. The Philippine Star. [2022-08-19]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-03）.

[RealNumbersPH-22] Philippine Information Agency #RealNumbersPH 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期July 16, 2018，.

[PNA-March2022-23] Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey. Give drug war report to human rights groups, Duterte tells PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022 [April 17, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於March 31, 2022）（英語）.

[Voices-24] 22.0 ^22.1 Schlein, Lein. UN: For Victims of Philippines 'War on Drugs,' Justice Remains Elusive. Voices of America. October 7, 2022 [2024-04-22]. （原始內容存檔於2024-03-25）（美國英語）.

[PNAGovPH-24KVillages-25] Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd. Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022. （原始內容存檔於March 31, 2022）（英語）.

[ManilaTimes-First100Days-26] Valente, Catherine S. First 100 days yield significant accomplishments. The Manila Times. October 8, 2016 [May 15, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於December 5, 2019）（英語）.

[PhilStar-AQuickLook-27] Patag, Kristine Joy. A quick look at Bongbong Marcos and his 'unity' campaign. February 27, 2022 [July 2, 2022]. （原始內容存檔於June 25, 2022）.

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