林仙科
林仙科 化石时期：
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|---|---|
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| Drimys winteri | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 木兰类植物 Magnoliids |
| 目： | 白樟目 Canellales |
| 科： | 林仙科 Winteraceae R.Br. 和 Lindley |
| 属[1] | |
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见正文 | |
林仙科（学名：Winteraceae）也叫辛辣木科、冬木科、假八角科或直接音译为温特木科，共有9属约120种，分布在南半球热带至温带的广大区域，包括澳洲、南美洲、马达加斯加岛和马来西亚等地。
本科植物都是乔木或灌木，许多品种可以提炼香精油。单叶互生，全缘，叶背常灰白色，有细小的透明腺点，无托叶；花单生，或成顶生或腋生的聚伞花序；果实为浆果或蓇葖果，有时聚合成蒴果或聚花果。
生长在阿根廷和智利的冬木（Drimys winteri）是一种很好的观赏树木，花有茉莉香味，假八角（Tasmannia lanceolata）可以做调味用。
本科植物属于比较原始的被子植物，1981年的克朗奎斯特分类法将其编入木兰目，1998年根据基因亲缘关系分类的APG 分类法认为无法列入任何一目，直接放到被子植物分支之下[2]，2003年经过修订的APG II 分类法将其列入新设立的白樟目[3]。
下级分类
[编辑]本科包括以下属：
- 林仙属 Drimys Forster & G.Forst.
- Gephyrapollenites L.E.Stover, 1973
- 假林仙属 Pseudowintera Dandy
- 塔氏林仙属 Takhtajania Baranova & J.-F.Leroy
- 澳洲林仙属 Tasmannia R.Br. ex DC.
- 合蕊林仙属 Zygogynum Baill.
- Exospermum lecartii Tiegh.
- Zygogynum acsmithii Vink
- Zygogynum amplexicaule (Vieill. ex P.Parm.) Vink
- Zygogynum archboldianum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum argenteum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum baillonii Tiegh.
- Zygogynum bicolor Tiegh.
- Zygogynum bosavicum Vink
- Zygogynum bullatum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum calophyllum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum calothyrsum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum clemensiae (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum comptonii (Baker fil.) Vink
- Zygogynum crassifolium (Baill.) Vink
- Zygogynum cristatum Vink
- Zygogynum cruminatum Vink
- Zygogynum cyclopensis Vink
- Zygogynum fraterculus Vink
- Zygogynum glaucum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum gracile (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum haplopus (B.L.Burtt) Vink
- Zygogynum howeanum (F.Muell.) Vink
- Zygogynum ledermannii (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum longifolium (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum mackeei Vink
- Zygogynum megacarpum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum montanum (Lauterb.) Vink
- Zygogynum oligocarpum (Schltdl.) Vink
- Zygogynum oligostigma Vink
- Zygogynum pachyanthum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum pancheri (Baill.) Vink
- Zygogynum pauciflorum (Baker fil.) Vink
- Zygogynum polyneurum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum pomiferum Baill.
- Zygogynum poratus Liang and Zhou, 2018[4]
- [昆士兰合蕊林仙]] Zygogynum queenslandianum (Vink) Vink
- Zygogynum schlechteri (Guillaumin) Vink
- Zygogynum schramii Vink
- Zygogynum semecarpoides (F.Muell.) Vink
- Zygogynum sororium (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum staufferianum Vink
- Zygogynum stipitatum Baill.
- Zygogynum sylvestre (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum tanyostigma Vink
- Zygogynum tieghemii Vink
- Zygogynum umbellatum (Ridl.) Vink
- Zygogynum vieillardii Baill.
- Zygogynum vinkii F.B.Sampson
- Zygogynum whitmoreanum Vink
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Stevens, P.F. Winteraceae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. [2016-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24）.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553 [2016-06-16]. JSTOR 2992015. （原始内容存档于2021-01-12）.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436 [2016-06-16]. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. （原始内容存档于2017-09-08）.
- ^ Liang, Xiao-Qing,Lu, Ping,Zhang, Jian-Wei,et al. First fossils of Zygogynum from the Middle Miocene of Central Yunnan, Southwest China, and their palaeobiogeographic significance[J]. PALAEOWORLD,2018,27(3):399-409.
- Feild, Taylor S., Brodribb, Tim, Holbrook, N. Michele.（2002）. Hardly a Relict: Freezing and the Evolution of Vesselless Wood in Winteraceae. Evolution 2002 56: 464-478[永久失效連結]。