沙樂琴
沙樂琴(Sarod, 孟加拉語：সরোদ shorod, Hindi:सरोद)，又譯作薩羅德，是除了錫塔琴以外，在北印度古典音樂最流行的樂器。比錫塔琴體型略小，沙樂琴的聲音比較低沉和內斂。由於沒有品(frets)，方便大幅度的滑音。共有四至五條演奏用的弦，另有兩條持續低音的弦(chikari strings)，和九至十一條共鳴弦，指板多以不銹鋼製造，共鳴箱蒙以羊皮。右手以木製的撥來撥弦，而左手按弦時多用指甲尖，方便滑音，也令樂器的音色略帶金屬聲。[1]
歷史
[编辑]沙樂琴的名字源於波斯語，意思是漂亮的聲音或旋律，可能起源於今日阿富汗的地區，最初被稱為低音 rubab。[2]
著名演奏家
[编辑]早期的開拓者
[编辑]- Abdullah Khan (1849–1928), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Dacca
- Asadullah Khan "Kaukav" (1852–1919)
- Fida Hussain Khan (1855–1927), Court Musician of Rampur
- Ghulam Ali Bangash (c. 1790-1858), Court Musician of Gwalior
- Karamatullah Khan (1848–1933), Court Musician of Nepal
- Mohammad Amir Khan (1873–1934), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Rajshahi
- Murad Ali Khan (c. 1825-1905), Court Musician of Gwalior and Darbhanga
- Niyamatullah Khan (1809–1911), Court Musician of Bundi, Alwar and finally Lucknow
- Shafayat Ali Khan (1838–1915)[3]
二十世紀演奏家
[编辑]
- Ali Akbar Khan (1922–2009)
- Allauddin Khan (1862–1972)
- Aashish Khan (b. 1939)
- Amjad Ali Khan (b. 1945)
- Bahadur Khan (1931-1989)
- Buddhadev Das Gupta (b. 1933)
- Hafiz Ali Khan (1888–1972)
- Sakhawat Hussain (1877–1955)
- Sharan Rani Backliwal (1929–2008)
- Radhika Mohan Maitra (1917–1981)
- Vasant Rai (1942–1985)
參見
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Broughton, Simon. Tools of the Trade: Sarod. [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-18）.
- ^ Courtney, David. Sarod. David and Chandrakantha Courtney. [2006-12-02]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-06）.
- ^ Tamori, Masakazu. The Transformation of Sarod Gharānā:Transmitting Musical Property in Hindustani Music (PDF). Senrii Ethnological Studies 71: Music and Society in South Asia. [2009-08-03]. ISBN 978-4-901906-58-6. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-22）.