法胡德
法胡德（阿拉伯语：الفرهود）是1941年6月1-2日间的针对伊拉克王國巴格达的犹太人的反犹骚乱，当时英方刚取得英國伊拉克戰爭的胜利。亲纳粹的拉希德·阿里·盖拉尼政府倒台后，巴格达处在不稳定之中，暴乱就发生在这段权力真空中[1][2][3]。拉希德·阿里在较早前发动的政变令伊拉克全国陷入了一段短暂的狂喜，拉希德·阿里政权被英军快速击败后，暴力接踵而至，當時又有傳言伊拉克犹太人在英國伊拉克戰爭中协助英方，這使得不少伊拉克人對猶太人更加仇恨[4]。最终有超过180名犹太人被杀[5]，1000人受伤，还有一些暴乱者在当局的镇暴过程中被杀[6]。暴民在此期间劫掠了犹太人的财产，900座犹太人房屋被毁。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Tsimhoni, Daphne. Roth, J. K.; Maxwell, E.; Levy, M.; Whitworth, W. , 编. The Pogrom (Farhud) against the Jews of Baghdad in 1941. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. 2001: 570–588. ISBN 978-0-333-80486-5. OCLC 1086547441. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_37.
- ^ Green, David B. 1941: The Beginning of the End of Iraq's Jewish Community — Jewish World. Haaretz. 2013-06-02 [2023-10-17].
- ^ The Farhud. Holocaust Encyclopedia. [2023-10-18].
- ^ Bashkin 2012 "The quick defeat of Rashid 'Ali, after a short period of national euphoria, and the allegations that the Jews had aided the British, made for a volatile situation, which exploded violently on the first and second days of June."
- ^ Kaplan, Robert D. In Defense of Empire
. The Atlantic. April 2014: 13–15.
- ^ Bashkin 2012，第121頁.
- Bashkin, Orit. New Babylonians: A History of Jews in Modern Iraq. Stanford University Press. 2012-01-01. ISBN 978-0-8047-8201-2. OCLC 811502389. doi:10.1515/9780804782012.
- Gat, Moshe. The Jewish exodus from Iraq, 1948-1951. London: Frank Cass. 1997. ISBN 978-1-299-73041-0. OCLC 853240584. OL 991630M –通过The Open Library.
- Tripp, Charles R. H. The Jewish community in Iraq and 1948. Rogan, Eugene L.; Shlaim, Avi (编). The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948. New York: Cambridge University Press. 2001: 125–150. ISBN 978-0-521-79139-7. OCLC 1259662821 –通过Internet Archive.