食蚜蠅科分類
 | 此條目目前正依照其他维基百科上的内容进行翻译。 (2018年12月11日) |
食蚜蠅科（Syrphidae）為昆蟲綱雙翅目下的一科。本科目前已知有6000餘種，不同文獻之間對各物種的內部生物分类学可能略有不同。這些差異一方面可能因為分類的重新組織仍在進行中，另一方面分類學方面的研究（特別是對本科物種的幼體的研究）每天都有新進展，而這些都可能會影響到物種的分類。以上各種差異都盡可能在本條目中提及。
本科物種的棲息地廣泛分佈於陸地、海洋及鹹淡水交界[1]。基本上，下列分類都以過往基於其成蟲的形態學特徵為主，大致上遵從Thompson & Rotheray (1998)的《古北界雙翅目分類》，即把食蚜蠅科物種分成三個亚科及14個族[2]，即：
另外根據2015的最新研究，原為食蚜蠅亞科之下一個族的Pipizinae現在獨立出來成為本科的第四個亞科[3]。
這裡給出的命名法部分源於世界雙翅目生物系統數據庫（BDWD），以及由一組分子生物學家創建的工作分類[4] ，無疑將在未來發生很大變化。
圖例
[编辑]管蚜蠅亞科
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管蚜蠅亞科（Eristalinae，亦作Milesiinae）[1]可分為下列九個族，17個亞族：
Tribe: Brachyopini
[编辑](=Chrysogasterini Shannon, 1922)
Subtribe: Brachyopina[编辑]
Subtribe: Spheginina[编辑]
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Tribe: Callicerini
[编辑](=Calliceratinae Brues & Melander, 1932)
- Callicera Panzer, 1809: NE NT OR PA
- Notiocheilosia Thompson, 1972: NT
Tribe: Cerioidini
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(=Ceriini, Cerioidinae Wahlgren, 1909)
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管蚜蠅族
[编辑]管蚜蠅族（Eristalini Rondani, 1845）包括下列兩個亞族：
管蚜蠅亞族[编辑]管蚜蠅亞族（Eristalina Rondani, 1845）包括下列16個屬：
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Subtribe: Helophilina
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Tribe: Sericomyiini
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- sometimes regarded as a subtribe of the Eristalini
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(=Merodontini, Medorontinae Edwards, 1915, Medorontinae Bezzi, 1915, Medorontidae Glumac & Vujic, 1990, Nausigasterinae Shannon, 1921)
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迷蚜蠅族
[编辑]迷蚜蠅族（Milesiini；=Xylotini）包括下列六個亞族：
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Subtribe: Criorhinina
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迷蚜蠅亞族
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Subtribe: Temnostomina
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Subtribe: Tropidiina
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(=Cheilosiini Cockerell, 1917)
Subtribe: Cheilosiina[编辑]
Subtribe: Pelecocerina[编辑]
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Tribe: Volucellini
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巢穴蚜蠅亞科
[编辑]巢穴蚜蠅亞科（Microdontinae）各屬的分類依從Reemer & Ståhls (2013)[8]，即：
巢穴蚜蠅族[编辑]巢穴蚜蠅族（Microdontini）以下各屬：
Tribe: Spheginobacchini[编辑]
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Pipizinae
[编辑]在舊有的分類中，Pipizinae原為管蚜蠅亞科之下的一個族，但Mengual (2015)的支序分析認為這個族與食蚜蠅亞科其他物種的分野相當大[3]，所以被分出來成為獨立一個亞科。這個亞科包括下列各個屬：
- Cryptopipiza Mutin, 1998
- Heringia (=Cnemodon): NE PA
- 亞屬
- H. (Heringia) Rondani, 1856
- H. (Neocnemodon) Goffe, 1944
- 亞屬
- †Oligopipiza Nidergas, Hadrava, Nel et al., 2018
- Pipiza Fallén, 1810 (=Pseudopipiza): NE NT PA
- Pipizella Rondani, 1856: PA
- Trichopsomyia Williston, 1888 (=Halictomyia): NE NT OR PA
- 寡节蚜蝇属 Loew, 1840: AU OR PA
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食蚜蠅亞科
[编辑]巴蚜蝇族
[编辑]巴蚜蝇族（Bacchini[19]，包括原有墨蚜蝇族（Melanostomini）[19]的物種。現時包括下列各屬：
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小蚜蝇族
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(=Chrysotoxini). In Mengual et al. (2008) this tribe was resolved into two groups.
Syrphini (Group 1)
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Syrphini (Group 2)
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Syrphini (Group undetermined)
[编辑]- Agnisyrphus Ghorpade, 1994: OR
- Asiodidea Stackelberg, 1930: PA
- Dideomima Vockeroth, 1969: NE NT
- Doros (hoverfly) Meigen, 1803: NE PA
- Lamellidorsum Huo & Zheng, 2005: PA
- Pelloloma Vockeroth, 1973: AF
- Rhinobaccha Meijere, 1908: OR
- Vockerothiella Ghorpade, 1994 : OR
Tribe: Toxomerini
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分類未明的屬
[编辑]下列三個屬的亞科所屬仍未清楚。這些屬都已有正式的分類描述，只是我們無法把牠們分類到上述四個亞科之一。這三個屬分別為：
- Pia Philippi, 1865: NT
- Poliomyia Scudder, 1878: NE
- Spheginascia Meunier, 1901: PA
註譯
[编辑]- ^ 不是Kerteszomyia (Diptera: Lauxaniidae)
- ^ With regard to the subgenus H. (Pilinasica) consisting of four species endemic to 新西兰, Thompson (2000, 2008) and Katzourakis et al. use the name Pilinascia instead. It is likely this has been the result of a spread of a misspelling as in the literature there have been no formal reviews of the name Pilinasica Malloch, 1922 with the exception of the proposal of a subgenus of Helophilus.
- ^ The genus was defined by Reemer (2008) to include two newly described species from Suriname, Surimyia minutula (= Paragodon minutulus) and Surimyia rolanderi. The review is quoted by Cheng & Thompson (2008) but not reported in BDWD where the species S. minutula is placed in the genus Paragodon.
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Mortelmans, Jonas; Cuvelier, Daphne. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. WoRMS. 2016-03-11 [2018-11-14].
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
Thompson & Rotheray的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 3.0 3.1 Mengual, Ximo; Ståhls, Gunilla; Rojo, Santos. Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic ranking of pipizine flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with implications for the evolution of aphidophagy. 2015-01-12 [2018-11-15]. doi:10.1111/cla.12105. （原始内容存档于2019-05-25） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Lifedesks: Classification of Syrphidae http://syrphidae.lifedesks.org/node/1476 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Thompson, F. Christian. A new Costa Rican flower fly (Diptera: Syrphidae) and a replacement name for a neotropical flower fly genus (PDF). Studia dipterologica. 2007, 14: 167–170 [2018-11-14]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-11-14） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Johnson, Charles W. Diptera collected by Dr. A. Donaldson Smith in Somaliland, eastern Africa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1898, 50: 157–164 [21 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-27）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Doczkal, Dieter; Radenković, Snežana; Lyneborg, Leif; Pape, Thomas. Taxonomic revision of the Afrotropical genus Megatrigon Johnson, 1898 (Diptera: Syrphidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 2016, 238: 1–36 [21 October 2016]. ISSN 2118-9773. （原始内容存档于2017-01-12）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Reemer, Menno; Ståhls, Gunilla. Generic revision and species classification of the Microdontinae (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys (Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers). 2013, 288: 1–213 [2014-08-18]. doi:10.3897/zookeys.288.4095. （原始内容存档于2014-08-19）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 Treated as a subgenus of Microdon by BDWD and a genus in Cheng & Thomson (2008).
- ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Cheng, Xin-Yue; Thompson, F. Christian. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Zootaxa (New Zealand: Magnolia Press). 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-09-11]. ISSN 1175-5334. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-24）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Treated as a synonym of Microdon by BDWD but as a genus in Cheng & Thompson (2008).
- ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Hull, Frank. M. New Species of Exotic Syrphid Flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 12–32 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/46960. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-09）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Proposed as a synonym for Microdon by Cheng & Thompson (2008) and reported as such by BDWD.
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Hull, Frank. M. A megamorphic and two curious mimetic flies (PDF Adobe Acrobat). Psyche (entomological journal) (Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Entomological Club). 1937, 44: 116–121 [2018-05-25]. doi:10.1155/1937/67124. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-08）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- ^ Not reported by BDWD.
- ^ Defined as a subgenus in BDWD though without evidence in the nomenclature; in Cheng & Thompson (2008) is indicated as a subgroup of Microdon.
- ^ Reemer, Menno. Surimyia a new genus of Microdontinae, with notes on Paragodon Thompson, 1969 (Diptera, Syrphidae) (可移植文档格式). Zoologische Mededelingen (Naturalis). 2008, 82: 177–188 [2018-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-12-20）. Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-12-20
- ^ 引用错误：没有为名为
Mengual et al 2008的参考文献提供内容 - ^ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 各论. 中国动物志. 昆虫纲 第50卷 双翅目 食蚜蝇科. 科学出版社. 2010 [2018-11-15]. ISBN 9787030334244 （中文（简体））.
- ^ Huo, Ke-Ke; Shi, Fu-Min (2010). Flavizona (Huo), a new genus of Syrphini from China, with a key to genera of Syrphini in China. Zootaxa 2428: 47–54.
- ^ Mengual X, Ghorpadé K (2010) The flower fly genus Eosphaerophoria Frey (Diptera, Syrphidae). ZooKeys 33:39–80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.33.298
引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“Mengual 2009”的参考文献没有在文中使用
<references>标签中name属性为“usda”的参考文献没有在文中使用參考書目
[编辑]- BioSystematic Database of World Diptera. （原始内容存档于2010-10-15） （英语）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Libor Mazánek. Syrphidae Latreille, 1802. In L. Jedlička, V. Stloukalová, M. Kúdela (editor), Checklist of Diptera of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Electronic version 1 + CD-ROM, 2006. ISBN 80-969629-0-6.
- Katzourakis, A.; A. Purvis; S. Azmeh; G. Rotheray; F. Gilbert. Macroevolution of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae): the effect of using higher-level taxa in studies of biodiversity, and correlates of species richness. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2001, 14 (2): 219–227 [2009-10-20]. doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00278.x. （原始内容存档于2013-01-05）. Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2013-01-05
- Mengual, X.; Gunilla Ståhls; Santos Rojo. First phylogeny of predatory flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae, Syrphinae) using mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S rRNA genes: conflict and congruence with the current tribal classification (PDF). Cladistics. 2008, 24: 543–562 [2009-10-19]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00200.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-04-09）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Sabrosky, C. W. Family-Group Names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. In F. Christian Thompson (editor), MYIA The International Journal of the North America Dipertists' Society. Volume 10. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 1999.
- Thompson, F. C., & Rotheray, G. Family Syrphidae. In: László Papp, Béla Darvas (editor) Manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3: Higher Brachycera. Budapest, Science Herald, 1998: 81-139 . ISBN 963-04-8838-8
- Shannon, R. C. Review of the American xylotine syrphid-flies (PDF). Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 1926, 69 (9): 1–52 [2018-11-14]. doi:10.5479/si.00963801.2635. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-06-05）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Stubbs, Alan E.; Falk, Steven J. British Hoverflies: An Illustrated Identification Guide 2nd. London: British Entomological and Natural History Society. 1983: 253, xvpp. ISBN 1-899935-03-7.
- Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, J. R.; Sedman, Y. S. A Catalogue of the Americas South of the United States: Family Syrphidae. São Paulo, Brasil: Museu de Zoologia. [2 February 2011].
- Thompson, F. C. A contribution to a generic revision of the Neotropical Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) (PDF). Arquivos de Zoologia. 1972, 23: 73–215. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-06）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Thompson, F. C. Notes on the status and relationships of some genera in the tribe Milesiini (Diptera: Syrphidae) (PDF). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 1975, 77 (3): 291–305 [2018-11-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-17）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Thompson, F. C. A new genus of Australasian Flower Flies (Diptera: Syrphidae (PDF). Studia dipterologica. 2000, 7 (Heft 2): 373–384 [2009-10-20]. ISSN 0945-3954. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-03-17）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Thompson, F. C. Austalis, a new genus of flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with revisionary notes on related genera (PDF). Zootaxa. 2003, 246: 1–19 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-01-23）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Thompson, F. C. A conspectus of New Zealand flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of a new genus and species (PDF). Zootaxa. 2008, 1716: 1–20 [2009-10-19]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-08-14）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Thompson, F. C.; Vockeroth, John Richard. 51. Family SYRPHIDAE. Neal L. Evenhuis (编). Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions online version. Bishop Museum. 17 April 2016 [2018-11-14]. （原始内容存档于2020-02-18）.
- Van Veen, M.P. Hoverflies of Northwest Europe, Identification Keys to the Syrphidae (Hardback). Utrecht: KNNV Publishing. 2004: 254. ISBN 90-5011-199-8.
- Vockeroth, J. R. & Thompson, F. C. Syrphidae. In: Jeffrey F. McAlpine (editor) Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 28, 1987: 713-743. ISBN 0-660-12125-5.
- Xin-Yue Cheng; Frederic Christian Thompson. A generic conspectus of the Microdontinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) with the description of two new genera from Africa and China (PDF). Zootaxa. 2008, 1879: 21–48 [2009-10-18]. ISSN 1175-5326. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-07-24）. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）