鳐科

鳐科; 化石时期：晚白堊世至今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	北極鈍頭鰩 Amblyraja hyperborea
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目：	鳐目 Rajiformes
科：	鳐科 Rajidae; Bonaparte, 1831
属
	見內文。

鳐科（學名：Rajidae、英語：Skates）是鳐形目的典型科，本科鱼身体扁平，胸鳍宽大，腹鳍有一个明显的缺刻，几乎将腹鳍分为两叶，两个背鳍非常小，紧靠尾部，尾细小，通常无尾鳍，如有也没有鳍条支持。

鳐科鱼生活在海底，以甲壳类动物和小鱼为食，是一种经济鱼类，但根據綠色和平，本科有數種魚類遭受過度捕撈的危險。

鳐通常长有扁平的身体，眼睛长在头部上方，便于观测水面上的变化；嘴和鳃裂长在身体正方，便于取食海底的带壳动物。有些鳐鱼长有特别宽大的胸鳍，能像飞机一样在水面上滑行。鳐鱼的鼻子下侧长有电子感应系统。这种系统连接着鳐鱼的感觉神经细胞。多数水生动物在游动时都会产生电子信号，鳐鱼就用自身的电子感应系统搜索食物的信号，并进行捕猎。鰩為卵生軟骨魚類。

分類

鳐科下分17個屬，如下^[2]：

鈍頭鳐屬 Amblyraja

Amblyraja badia (Garman, 1899)
Amblyraja doellojuradoi (Pozzi, 1935)
Amblyraja frerichsi (G. Krefft, 1968)
Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938)
北極鈍頭鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea (Collett, 1879)：又稱北極鈍頭魟
Amblyraja jenseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)
鈍頭鳐 Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808)：又稱鈍頭魟
Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906)
Amblyraja robertsi (Hulley, 1970)
Amblyraja taaf (E. E. Meisner, 1987)

白令鰩屬 Beringraja

雙斑鰩 Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855)
科特鰩 Beringraja cortezensis (McEachran & Miyake, 1988)
北美鰩 Beringraja inornata (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1881)
长吻鳐 Beringraja rhina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)
美鰩 Beringraja pulchra (Liu, 1932)
小星鰩 Beringraja stellulata Jordan & Gilbert, 1880

短鰩屬 Breviraja

耀斑短鰩 Breviraja claramaculata McEachran & Matheson, 1985
科氏短鰩 Breviraja colesi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948
Breviraja marklei McEachran & Miyake, 1987
莫氏短鰩 Breviraja mouldi McEachran & Matheson, 1995
Breviraja nigriventralis McEachran & Matheson, 1985
小棘短鰩 Breviraja spinosa Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950

指鰩屬 Dactylobatus

指鰩 Dactylobatus armatus B. A. Bean & A. C. Weed, 1909
克氏指鰩 Dactylobatus clarkii (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)

齒鰩屬（英语：Dentiraja） Dentiraja

Dentiraja australis (Macleay, 1884)
Dentiraja cerva (Whitley, 1939)
Dentiraja confusa (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja endeavouri (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja falloarga (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja flindersi Last & Gledhill, 2008
Dentiraja healdi (Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008)
Dentiraja lemprieri (Richardson, 1845)
Dentiraja oculus (Last, 2008)
Dentiraja polyommata (Ogilby, 1910)

長吻鰩屬（Dipturus）

Dipturus acrobelus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus amphispinus Last & Alava, 2013^[3]
Dipturus apricus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus batis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dipturus bullisi (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)
Dipturus campbelli (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus canutus Last, 2008
Dipturus chinensis (Basilewsky, 1855)
Dipturus crosnieri (Séret, 1989)
Dipturus doutrei (Cadenat, 1960)
Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)
Dipturus flavirostris (Philippi {Krumweide}, 1892)
Dipturus garricki (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
巨鰩 Dipturus gigas (Ishiyama, 1958)
Dipturus grahami Last, 2008
Dipturus gudgeri (Whitley, 1940)
Dipturus innominatus (Garrick & Paul, 1974)
Dipturus intermedius (Parnell, 1837)
Dipturus johannisdavisi (Alcock, 1899)
廣東鰩 Dipturus kwangtungensis (Y. T. Chu, 1960)：又稱廣東老板鯆。
Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818)
Dipturus lamillai (Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019)^[4]
尖嘴鰩 Dipturus lanceorostratus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus leptocauda (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
大尾鰩 Dipturus macrocauda (Ishiyama, 1955)：又稱大尾老板鯆。
Dipturus melanospilus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus mennii U. L. Gomes & Paragó, 2001
Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881)
Dipturus olseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
Dipturus oregoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)
Dipturus oxyrinchus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Dipturus pullopunctatus (J. L. B. Smith, 1964)
Dipturus queenslandicus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
Dipturus springeri (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus stenorhynchus (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
Dipturus teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)
長鼻鰩 Dipturus tengu (D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903)：又稱天狗老板鯆。
Dipturus trachyderma (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)
Dipturus wengi Séret & Last, 2008
Dipturus wuhanlingi Jeong & Nakabo, 2008

朝鮮鰩屬（英语：Korean skate） Hongeo

朝鮮鰩 Hongeo koreana (Jeong & Nakabo, 1997)

鯆魮屬 Okamejei

耳棘鯆魮 Okamejei acutispina (Ishiyama, 1958)：又稱光棘鰩。
Okamejei arafurensis Last & Gledhill, 2008
鮑氏鯆魮 Okamejei boesemani (Ishihara, 1987)：又稱鮑氏鰩。
Okamejei cairae Last, Fahmi & Ishihara, 2010
希氏鰩 Okamejei heemstrai (McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982)
何氏鯆魮 Okamejei hollandi (D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1909)：又稱何氏鰩。
平背鯆魮 Okamejei kenojei (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)：又稱斑鰩。
Okamejei leptoura Last & Gledhill, 2008
麥氏鯆魮 Okamejei meerdervoortii (Bleeker, 1860)：又稱麥氏鰩。
Okamejei mengae Jeong, Nakabo & H. L. Wu, 2007
Okamejei ornata Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2015^[5]
褐斑鰩 Okamejei pita (R. Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995)^[5]
Okamejei schmidti (Ishiyama, 1958)
Okamejei panayensis Misawa, Babaran & Motomura, 2022

甕鰩屬（英语：Orbiraja） Orbiraja

Orbiraja jensenae (Last & A. P. K. Lim, 2010)
Orbiraja philipi (Lloyd, 1906)
Orbiraja powelli (Alcock, 1898)

鰩屬 Raja

星斑鰩 Raja asterias Delaroche, 1809
短尾鰩 Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873
背棘鰩 Raja clavata Linnaeus, 1758
晶吻鰩 Raja eglanteria L. A. G. Bosc, 1800
赫氏鰩 Raja herwigi G. Krefft, 1965
大吻鰩 Raja maderensis R. T. Lowe, 1838
Raja mauritaniensis White & Fricke, 2021
小睛斑鰩 Raja microocellata Montagu, 1818
鏡鰩 Raja miraletus Linnaeus, 1758
蒙鰩 Raja montagui Fowler, 1910
Raja ocellifera Regan, 1906
Raja parva Last & Séret, 2016
Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995
Raja polystigma Regan, 1923
粗背鰩 Raja radula Delaroche, 1809
斯氏鰩 Raja straeleni Poll, 1951
波鰩 Raja undulata Lacépède, 1802

細鰩屬 Rajella

Rajella annandalei M. C. W. Weber, 1913
Rajella barnardi Norman, 1935
Rajella bathyphila Holt & Byrne, 1908
Rajella bigelowi Stehmann, 1978
Rajella caudaspinosa von Bonde & Swart, 1923
Rajella challengeri Last & Stehmann, 2008
Rajella dissimilis Hulley, 1970
Rajella eisenhardti Long & McCosker, 1999
Rajella fuliginea Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954
細鰩 Rajella fyllae Lütken, 1887
Rajella kukujevi Dolganov, 1985
Rajella leopardus von Bonde & Swart, 1923
Rajella lintea Fries, 1838
Rajella nigerrima F. de Buen, 1960
Rajella paucispinosa Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2014^[6]
Rajella purpuriventralis Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962
Rajella ravidula Hulley, 1970
Rajella sadowskii G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1974

吻鰩屬 Rostroraja

Rostroraja ackleyi (Garman, 1881)
Rostroraja alba (Lacépède, 1803)
Rostroraja bahamensis (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965)
Rostroraja cervigoni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964)
Rostroraja eglanteria (L. A. G. Bosc, 1800)
Rostroraja equatorialis (D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890)
Rostroraja texana (A. C. Chandler, 1921)
Rostroraja velezi (Chirichigno F., 1973)

Spiniraja（英语：Spiniraja）

Spiniraja whitleyi (Iredale, 1938)

谷鰩屬（英语：Zearaja） Zearaja

Zearaja argentinensis (Díaz de Astarloa, Mabragaña, Hanner & Figueroa, 2008)
Zearaja chilensis (Guichenot, 1848)
Zearaja maugeana (Last & Gledhill, 2007)
Zearaja nasuta (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)

參考文獻

^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.
^ LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363
^ Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.
^ Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.
^ Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

外部链接

ARKive – images and movies of the common skate (Dipturus batis)
Kliman, Todd. "Skate Goes From Trash Fish to Treasure （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Washingtonian, May 1, 2006.

[FB-1] Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.

[Last2016-2] LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363

[Last2013-3] Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.

[4] Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.

[Weigmann2015-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.

[Weigmann2014-6] Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

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