脑垂腺柄
外观
脑垂腺柄(pituitary stalk、infundibular stalk、Fenderson's funnel、infundibulum)是下丘脑和脑垂腺后叶之间的连接部分。第三脑室底部因向下延伸而形成漏斗状的凹陷部分,进入到垂体顶点附著的漏斗部[1]。它会穿过轴突的硬脑膜,因为它携带的轴突从下丘脑的巨型细胞神经分泌细胞向下延伸至脑垂腺后叶,并且在此处将神经下垂体激素、催产素和抗利尿激素释放到血液中。这种连接称为下丘脑-垂体通道(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)或下丘脑-神经垂体通道(hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract)。
脑垂腺柄的损伤会阻止抗利尿激素的释放,从而导致多渴症和多尿症。有研究指出[2],在脑垂腺柄损伤后,轴突并不能突破鞍膈进入垂体后叶,而损毁端的赫令体可形成新的神经叶样结构,但此结构并不能完全代偿损伤后下降的AVP释放能力。这可能受限于伸长细胞对正中隆突神经-血管的连接的屏障作用[3]。脑垂腺柄阻断综合征是指由于垂腺柄明显变细或阻断[4],而引起垂体功能减弱的临床系列症候群,其往往并发垂体结构异常,例如垂体前叶发育不良、垂体后叶缺失或异位等,可引致垂体激素缺乏[5]。
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Marieb, Elaine. Anatomy & physiology Fifthition. Pearson Education, Inc. 2014 [2020-01-17]. ISBN 978-0321861580.
- ^ Feng, Z; Ou, Y; Zhou, M; Wu, G; Ma, L; Zhang, Y; Liu, Y; Qi, S. Functional ectopic neural lobe increases GAP-43 expression via PI3K/AKT pathways to alleviate central diabetes insipidus after pituitary stalk lesion in rats.. Neuroscience letters. 2018-04-23, 673: 1–6 [2020-01-17]. PMID 29486290. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.038.[永久失效链接]
- ^ Mullier, A; Bouret, SG; Prevot, V; Dehouck, B. Differential distribution of tight junction proteins suggests a role for tanycytes in blood-hypothalamus barrier regulation in the adult mouse brain.. The Journal of comparative neurology. 2010-04-01, 518 (7): 943–62 [2020-01-17]. PMID 20127760. doi:10.1002/cne.22273.[永久失效链接]
- ^ Jang, KM; Ko, CW. Delayed diagnosis of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome with severe recurrent hyponatremia caused by adrenal insufficiency.. Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism. 2017-09, 22 (3): 208–212 [2020-01-17]. PMID 29025209. doi:10.6065/apem.2017.22.3.208.
- ^ Wang, W; Wang, S; Jiang, Y; Yan, F; Su, T; Zhou, W; Jiang, L; Zhang, Y; Ning, G. Relationship between pituitary stalk (PS) visibility and the severity of hormone deficiencies: PS interruption syndrome revisited.. Clinical endocrinology. 2015-09, 83 (3): 369–76 [2020-01-17]. PMID 25845766. doi:10.1111/cen.12788.[永久失效链接]