花柱

花柱的位置

花柱顶生

花柱侧生

花柱基生

花柱（英语：style），是花中雌蕊的一部分，连接柱头与子房。花柱通常为管状，并可为空心或实心。花粉管在柱头萌发后生长经过花柱内部而到达胚珠，在一些例子中花柱也负责执行孢子体自交不亲和性，可阻止花粉管完全生长^[1]。花柱可能具有引导花粉管抵达胚珠的作用，具体方法可能是透过花粉管与花柱通道的黏著^[2]。

花柱长度变异现象

某些植物同一物种的花柱长度存在变异。例如小花风毛菊的花柱及其柱头分叉长度会随着海拔的升高显著增长^[3]；欧洲千里光的花柱长度可分为长柱型和短柱型^[4]。

花柱长度的变异可能与花大小、花粉体积、花粉管生长速率、花粉败育比率等有关，更长的花柱可能更有利于传粉和繁殖^[5]。

参考资料

^ McClure BA; et al. Style self-incompatibility gene products of Nicotiana alata are ribonucleases.. Nature. 1989-12-21 [2015-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.
^ Sun Tae Kim, Elizabeth M. Lord. Exogenous Free Ubiquitin Enhances Lily Pollen Tube Adhesion to an in Vitro Stylar Matrix and May Facilitate Endocytosis of SCA. Plant Physiology. 2006-12 [2015-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-23）.
^ Yi-Feng, Wang; Hong-Yan, G. a. O.; Hai-Yan, S. H. I.; Jian-Hong, Wang; Guo-Zhen, D. U. ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF SAUSSUREA PARVIFLORA’S SEXUAL ORGANS, QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 2008-03-30, 32 (2): 379. doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.015.
^ Love, John; Graham, Sean W.; Irwin, Judith A.; Ashton, Paul A.; Bretagnolle, Francois; Abbott, Richard J. Self-pollination, style length development and seed set in self-compatible Asteraceae: evidence from Senecio vulgaris L.. Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2016-07-03, 9 (4): 371–379. doi:10.1080/17550874.2016.1244576.
^ Xiaoyue, Wang; Xinxin, Zhu; Juan, Yang; Yunjing, Liu; Xiaoxin, Tang. Variation in style length and the effect on reproductive success in Chinese plums (Armeniaca mume). Biodiversity Science. 2019, 27 (2): 159–167. doi:10.17520/biods.2018317.

[1] McClure BA; et al. Style self-incompatibility gene products of Nicotiana alata are ribonucleases.. Nature. 1989-12-21 [2015-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2015-01-22）.

[2] Sun Tae Kim, Elizabeth M. Lord. Exogenous Free Ubiquitin Enhances Lily Pollen Tube Adhesion to an in Vitro Stylar Matrix and May Facilitate Endocytosis of SCA. Plant Physiology. 2006-12 [2015-01-22]. （原始内容存档于2021-08-23）.

[3] Yi-Feng, Wang; Hong-Yan, G. a. O.; Hai-Yan, S. H. I.; Jian-Hong, Wang; Guo-Zhen, D. U. ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF SAUSSUREA PARVIFLORA’S SEXUAL ORGANS, QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology. 2008-03-30, 32 (2): 379. doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.015.

[4] Love, John; Graham, Sean W.; Irwin, Judith A.; Ashton, Paul A.; Bretagnolle, Francois; Abbott, Richard J. Self-pollination, style length development and seed set in self-compatible Asteraceae: evidence from Senecio vulgaris L.. Plant Ecology & Diversity. 2016-07-03, 9 (4): 371–379. doi:10.1080/17550874.2016.1244576.

[5] Xiaoyue, Wang; Xinxin, Zhu; Juan, Yang; Yunjing, Liu; Xiaoxin, Tang. Variation in style length and the effect on reproductive success in Chinese plums (Armeniaca mume). Biodiversity Science. 2019, 27 (2): 159–167. doi:10.17520/biods.2018317.

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