小火蟻

小火蟻
	工蟻
	蟻后
科學分類
界：	動物界 Animalia
門：	節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：	昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：	膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科：	蟻科 Formicidae
屬：	沃氏蟻屬 Wasmannia
種：	小火蟻 W. auropunctata
二名法
	Wasmannia auropunctata; (Roger, 1863)
異名
	Hercynia panamana Enzmann, 1947; Ochetomyrmex auropunctatus (Roger, 1863); Tetramorium auropunctatum Roger, 1863; Wasmannia auropunctata var. australis Emery, 1894; Wasmannia auropunctata var. laevifrons Emery, 1894; Wasmannia auropunctata var. nigricans Emery, 1906; Wasmannia auropunctata var. obscura Forel, 1912; Wasmannia glabra Santschi, 1931; Wasmannia sulcaticeps var. weiseri Forel, 1914; Xiphomyrmex atomum Santschi, 1914;

小火蟻（學名：Wasmannia auropunctata）又稱金刻沃氏蟻^[3]、光點小火蟻，是一種小型的沃氏蟻屬螞蟻，原生於中南美洲，現已擴張到北美洲、台灣^[4]、以色列^[5]^[6] 和一些太平洋島嶼（加拉帕戈斯群島、夏威夷、新喀里多尼亞和所羅門群島），此外東北澳大利亞的凱恩亦有紀錄。^[7]^[8]

其英文名稱「electric ant」來自其咬傷產生如觸電的強烈痛感，^[9] 它也是世界百大外來入侵種之一。小火蟻體長約1.5毫米，通體黃褐色。雌雄皆能無性繁殖，是最早被發現兩性都可以無性繁殖的動物。^[10]^[10]^[11]

對人類和動物的威脅

由於小火蟻體型微小，肉眼難以輕易發現，其叮咬會引起強烈的疼痛感，且可能伴隨不同程度的過敏反應，嚴重時可能會引發角膜損傷^[12]^[13]。在非洲加蓬還發現小火蟻在動物進食時叮咬其鼻子和眼睛，導致家貓、野豬甚至大象等動物失明^[13]。

參考文獻

^ Wasmannia auropunctata. ITIS.
^ Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863). GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-10-14].
^ 韓蕊; 滕禕，李獻鋒，王臨靜，魏霜，張雍哲，喬曦，劉海軍，吳堯，馬駿，萬方浩，劉聰輝，錢萬強. 基于酶介导双重指数扩增技术（EmDEA）的小火蚁快速检测方法的开发. 環境昆蟲學報. 2024, 46 (5): 1059–1067 [2024-10-14].
^ 李錦城、徐伯瑋、許峰銓、施鈞瀚、蕭祐鈞、楊景程、林宗岐. 光點小火蟻 (Wasmannia auropunctata) (膜翅目：蟻科)：台灣新記錄之入侵螞蟻及其潛在威脅. 台灣昆蟲. 2021, 41 (3): 172–181. ISSN 2414-1194. doi:10.6662/TESFE.202108_41(3).004 .
^ Vonshak, Merav; T. Dayan, A. Ionescu-Hirsch, A. Freidberg, A. Hefetz. The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata: a new invasive species in the Middle East and its impact on the local arthropod fauna. Biological Invasions. 2010, 12: 1825–1837. ^{[永久失效連結]}
^ Foucaud, Julien; et al. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways. Evolutionary Applications. 2010, 3: 363–374.
^ Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) webpage 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-02-14. Accessed 7 March 2009
^ Global Invasive Species Database - No. 100 - Wasmannia auropunctata. [2014-03-31]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-16）.
^ Queensland Government Electric Ant: Warning 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-02-18. Accessed 7 March 2009
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Fournier, Denis; Estoup, Arnaud; Orivel, Jérôme; Foucaud, Julien; Jourdan, Hervé; Breton, Julien Le; Keller, Laurent. Clonal reproduction by males and females in the little fire ant. Nature. 2005, 435 (7046): 1230–4. PMID 15988525. doi:10.1038/nature03705.
^ Pearcy, M.; Aron, S; Doums, C; Keller, L. Conditional Use of Sex and Parthenogenesis for Worker and Queen Production in Ants. Science. 2004, 306 (5702): 1780–3. PMID 15576621. doi:10.1126/science.1105453.
^ WETTERER, JAMES. THE LITTLE FIRE ANT, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA: DISTRIBUTION, IMPACT, AND CONTROL. Sociobiology. 2003, 42 (1): 1–41 [2024-10-14].
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 Rosselli, D; Wetterer, JK. Stings of the Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Cause of Punctate Corneal Lesions in Humans and Other Animals.. Journal of medical entomology. 2017-11-07, 54 (6): 1783–1785. PMID 29029157. doi:10.1093/jme/tjx167.

外部連結

University of Hawaii Alert: "Identifying the Little Fire Ant" (includes photo) （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）Accessed 8 March 2009
Little Fire Ant in French Polynesia

[1] Wasmannia auropunctata. ITIS.

[GBIF-2] Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863). GBIF. Copenhagen, Denmark: GBIF Secretariat. [2024-10-14].

[3] 韓蕊; 滕禕，李獻鋒，王臨靜，魏霜，張雍哲，喬曦，劉海軍，吳堯，馬駿，萬方浩，劉聰輝，錢萬強. 基于酶介导双重指数扩增技术（EmDEA）的小火蚁快速检测方法的开发. 環境昆蟲學報. 2024, 46 (5): 1059–1067 [2024-10-14].

[4] 李錦城、徐伯瑋、許峰銓、施鈞瀚、蕭祐鈞、楊景程、林宗岐. 光點小火蟻 (Wasmannia auropunctata) (膜翅目：蟻科)：台灣新記錄之入侵螞蟻及其潛在威脅. 台灣昆蟲. 2021, 41 (3): 172–181. ISSN 2414-1194. doi:10.6662/TESFE.202108_41(3).004 .

[5] Vonshak, Merav; T. Dayan, A. Ionescu-Hirsch, A. Freidberg, A. Hefetz. The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata: a new invasive species in the Middle East and its impact on the local arthropod fauna. Biological Invasions. 2010, 12: 1825–1837. ^{[永久失效連結]}

[6] Foucaud, Julien; et al. Worldwide invasion by the little fire ant: routes of introduction and eco-evolutionary pathways. Evolutionary Applications. 2010, 3: 363–374.

[QldDPI01-7] Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) webpage 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-02-14. Accessed 7 March 2009

[Globaldbase01-8] Global Invasive Species Database - No. 100 - Wasmannia auropunctata. [2014-03-31]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-16）.

[QldWarning01-9] Queensland Government Electric Ant: Warning 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-02-18. Accessed 7 March 2009

[Fournier2005-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Fournier, Denis; Estoup, Arnaud; Orivel, Jérôme; Foucaud, Julien; Jourdan, Hervé; Breton, Julien Le; Keller, Laurent. Clonal reproduction by males and females in the little fire ant. Nature. 2005, 435 (7046): 1230–4. PMID 15988525. doi:10.1038/nature03705.

[Pearcy2004-11] Pearcy, M.; Aron, S; Doums, C; Keller, L. Conditional Use of Sex and Parthenogenesis for Worker and Queen Production in Ants. Science. 2004, 306 (5702): 1780–3. PMID 15576621. doi:10.1126/science.1105453.

[12] WETTERER, JAMES. THE LITTLE FIRE ANT, WASMANNIA AUROPUNCTATA: DISTRIBUTION, IMPACT, AND CONTROL. Sociobiology. 2003, 42 (1): 1–41 [2024-10-14].

[tjx167-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Rosselli, D; Wetterer, JK. Stings of the Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as Cause of Punctate Corneal Lesions in Humans and Other Animals.. Journal of medical entomology. 2017-11-07, 54 (6): 1783–1785. PMID 29029157. doi:10.1093/jme/tjx167.

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