乙型流感病毒
外觀
乙型流感病毒 | |
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乙型流感病毒的病毒結構 | |
病毒分類 | |
(未分級): | 病毒 Virus |
域: | 核糖病毒域 Riboviria |
界: | 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae |
門: | 負核糖病毒門 Negarnaviricota |
綱: | 泛流感病毒綱 Insthoviricetes |
目: | 分節段病毒目 Articulavirales |
科: | 正黏液病毒科 Orthomyxoviridae |
屬: | 乙型流行性感冒病毒屬 Betainfluenzavirus |
種: | 乙型流感病毒 Influenza B virus
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異名 | |
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乙型流感病毒(英文:Influenza B virus)是一種流感病毒,為正黏液病毒科乙型流感病毒屬下的一種(學名:Betainfluenzavirus),可引起流行性感冒。[4]乙型流感病毒只感染人和鰭足類動物(比如海豹),因此乙型流感病毒並未造成如甲型流感病毒所致的各種流感大流行。[5]雖然都會發生基因重排、抗原漂移,但乙型流感病毒在人群中的演化速率要低於甲型流感病毒(低2-3倍,但高於丙型流感病毒的演化速率)。[6][7][8]儘管如此,乙型流感病毒依然可在世界範圍內造成巨大傷亡,尤其是對青少年和兒童。
乙型流感病毒的基因序列含有14,548個核苷酸,分為8個單鏈RNA片段。[4]依據其表面糖蛋白血球凝集素的抗原特性,流行的乙型流感病毒有兩個分支:B/Yamagata/16/88-型病毒,以及 B/Victoria/2/87-型病毒[9][10],其中B/Yamagata毒株可能已在COVID-19大流行後消失[11][12]。
參見
[編輯]參考資料
[編輯]- ^ ICTV 2nd Report Fenner, F. (1976). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Second report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology 7: 1-115. p57 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- ^ ICTV 6th Report Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds)(1995). Virus Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10, p297 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- ^ Smith, Gavin JD; et al. Changing individual genus and species names in the family Orthomyxoviridae. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 8 June 2017 [22 March 2019]. (原始內容存檔於2021-11-19) (英語).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Complete genomes: Betainfluenzavirus. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2021-01-05]. (原始內容存檔於2021-09-24).
- ^ Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA. Influenza B virus in seals. Science. 2000, 288 (5468): 1051–53. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1051O. PMID 10807575. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051.
- ^ Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2001, 356 (1416): 1861–70. PMC 1088562 . PMID 11779385. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999.
- ^ Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H. Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: The frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community. J. Med. Virol. 2004, 74 (1): 132–40. PMID 15258979. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156.
- ^ Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K. Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes. J. Virol. 1999, 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222 . PMID 10196339. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.5.4413-4426.1999.
- ^ Biere, Barbara; Bauer, Bettina; Schweiger, Brunhilde. Differentiation of Influenza B Virus Lineages Yamagata and Victoria by Real-Time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2010-04-01, 48 (4): 1425–1427 [2021-01-06]. ISSN 0095-1137. PMID 20107085. doi:10.1128/JCM.02116-09. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-15) (英語).
- ^ 季节性流感. 世界衛生組織. [2021-01-06]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-22) (中文).
- ^ Alhoufie, Sari T.; Alsharif, Naif H.; Alfarouk, Khalid O.; Ibrahim, Nadier A.; Kheyami, Ali M.; Aljifri, Alanoud A. COVID-19 with underdiagnosed influenza B and parainfluenza-2 co-infections in Saudi Arabia: Two case reports. Journal of Infection and Public Health. November 2021, 14 (11): 1567–1570. PMC 8442300 . PMID 34627054. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.005.
- ^ Koutsakos, Marios; Wheatley, Adam K.; Laurie, Karen; Kent, Stephen J.; Rockman, Steve. Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Nature Reviews Microbiology. December 2021, 19 (12): 741–742. PMC 8477979 . PMID 34584246. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00642-4.