反省實踐

反省實踐（英語：reflective practice）又譯做反思實踐，是在學習的過程中能夠對行動進行反思的能力^[1]。有人定義反省實踐是「透過仔細與自我反省的方式檢視平日實踐，來對日常生活中實務上遭遇的價值觀與理論給予批判性的注意。這樣的練習能夠培養洞見」。^[2]培養反省實踐能力的重於原因，在於單獨只有經驗無法使學習發生；在得到經驗的同時也有進行反省（英語：Human_self-reflection）是十分必要的^[3]^[4]。

反省實踐能夠成為實踐本位專業學習（英語：practice-based professional learning）裏十分重要的工具之一，人們能夠在執業經驗中學習，而不只從正式學習（英語：formal learning）或知識轉移（英語：knowledge transfer）裏頭獲得。反省實踐可能是在個人的專業發展（英語：professional learning）以及修正中最重要的源頭。同時，它也是可以將理論與實踐結合起來的一種很重要的方法；透過反省，人可以發現並標記出在他工作成果的脈絡之中的各類想法或理論^[5]。一個在實踐中不斷反思的人不只是回顧過去的行動與事件，同時也要有意識去照看情緒、行動、與反應，使用這些資訊來添增到他既有知識庫中以達成更高層次的理解^[6]。

參考文獻

^ Schön, Donald A. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books. 1983. ISBN 046506874X. OCLC 8709452.
^ Bolton, Gillie. Reflective practice: writing and professional development 第3版. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. 2010: xix [2001]. ISBN 9781848602113. OCLC 458734364.
^ Loughran, J. John. Effective reflective practice: in search of meaning in learning about teaching (PDF). Journal of Teacher Education. 2002-01, 53 (1): 33–43 [2015-05-27]. doi:10.1177/0022487102053001004. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-12-15）.
^ Cochran-Smith, Marilyn; Lytle, Susan L. Relationships of knowledge and practice: teacher learning in communities. Review of Research in Education. 1999-01, 24 (1): 249–305. JSTOR 1167272. doi:10.3102/0091732X024001249.
^ McBrien, Barry. Learning from practice—reflections on a critical incident. Accident and Emergency Nursing. July 2007, 15 (3): 128–133. PMID 17540574. doi:10.1016/j.aaen.2007.03.004.
^ Paterson, Colin; Chapman, Judith. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice (PDF). Physical Therapy in Sport. August 2013, 14 (3): 133–138 [2015-06-09]. PMID 23643448. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.004. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-04-02）.

[Schon-1] Schön, Donald A. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books. 1983. ISBN 046506874X. OCLC 8709452.

[2] Bolton, Gillie. Reflective practice: writing and professional development 第3版. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. 2010: xix [2001]. ISBN 9781848602113. OCLC 458734364.

[Loughran-3] Loughran, J. John. Effective reflective practice: in search of meaning in learning about teaching (PDF). Journal of Teacher Education. 2002-01, 53 (1): 33–43 [2015-05-27]. doi:10.1177/0022487102053001004. （原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2017-12-15）.

[4] Cochran-Smith, Marilyn; Lytle, Susan L. Relationships of knowledge and practice: teacher learning in communities. Review of Research in Education. 1999-01, 24 (1): 249–305. JSTOR 1167272. doi:10.3102/0091732X024001249.

[5] McBrien, Barry. Learning from practice—reflections on a critical incident. Accident and Emergency Nursing. July 2007, 15 (3): 128–133. PMID 17540574. doi:10.1016/j.aaen.2007.03.004.

[paterson-chapman-6] Paterson, Colin; Chapman, Judith. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice (PDF). Physical Therapy in Sport. August 2013, 14 (3): 133–138 [2015-06-09]. PMID 23643448. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.004. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2015-04-02）.

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