加拉帕戈斯雙叉藻

加拉帕戈斯雙叉藻
保護狀況
	; 極危，可能絕滅（IUCN 3.1）
科學分類
界：	色藻界 Chromista
門：	淡色藻門 Ochrophyta
綱：	褐藻綱 Phaeophyceae
目：	墨角藻目 Fucales
科：	馬尾藻科 Sargassaceae
屬：	雙叉藻屬 Bifurcaria
種：	加拉帕戈斯雙叉藻 B. galapagensis
二名法
	Bifurcaria galapagensis; (Piccone & Grunow) Womersley
異名
	Blossevillea galapagensis ; (Piccone & Grunow) W.R.Taylor; Fucodium galapagense ; Piccone & Grunow; Pelvetia galapagensis ; (Piccone & Grunow) De Toni;

加拉帕戈斯雙叉藻(學名:Bifurcaria galapagensis)是厄瓜多科隆群島特有的一種褐藻。最後一次觀察到它們是於1983年，其數量已經極度稀少或可能滅絕。^[1]

習性

分布與棲息地

在20世紀80年代之前，這種藻類在科隆群島較低的潮間帶十分常見。它們曾被發現於聖克里斯托巴爾島、弗雷里安納島、平松島、拉維達島、聖克魯斯島、費爾南迪納島、伊莎貝拉島的潮下帶淺水區。^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]它們常被發現於岩石底部。^[2]

衰落

相信它們數量在1970年代仍很豐富。^[3]但在1983年二月，學者Robinson對其樣本進行研究時發現其個體變得衰弱且附著器變得很細小。^[7]最後一次觀察到它們是於1983年三月，此後儘管曾對此進行過大規模的搜索，仍沒有任何發現。但國際自然保護聯盟相信其仍有少數個體生存並將其列為極危。^[1]

它們的衰落可能是由聖嬰現象和氣候變化所致，以它們為食的海膽和其他食草動物數量的增加亦導致了它們的衰落。^[1]

參考資料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Miller, K.A., Garske, L. & Edgar, G. Bifurcaria galapagensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007. [2015年12月19日].
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Taylor, W.R. 1945. Pacific marine algae of the Allan Hancock Expeditions to the Galápagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 12 12(iv): 528 pp.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Wellington, G.M. 1975. The Galápagos coastal marine environments. A resource report to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. A resource report to the *Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Quito. 357 pp.
^ Cinelli, F. and Colantoni, P. 1974. Alcune osservazioni del benthos marino sulle coste recciose delle isole Galápagos (Oceano Pacifico). Gruppo ricerche scientifiche e tecniche subacquee, Firenze. 22 pp.
^ Mead, G.W., Silva, P.C., Earle, S.A., Rozaire, C.A. and Janss, E. 1972. R/V Searcher Cruise 72-1 Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. 49 pp.
^ Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969. An intertidal reconnaissance of rocky shores of Galápagos. Wasmann Journal of Biology 27: 1-24.
^ Robinson, G. 1985. The influence of the 1982-83 El Niño on Galápagos marine life. In: G. Robinson and E.M. Del Pino (eds) El Niño en las Islas Galapagos: el evento de 1982-1983, pp. 153-190. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands, Quito.

[IUCN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Miller, K.A., Garske, L. & Edgar, G. Bifurcaria galapagensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007. [2015年12月19日].

[TW1945-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Taylor, W.R. 1945. Pacific marine algae of the Allan Hancock Expeditions to the Galápagos Islands. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 12 12(iv): 528 pp.

[W1975-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Wellington, G.M. 1975. The Galápagos coastal marine environments. A resource report to the Department of National Parks and Wildlife. A resource report to the *Department of National Parks and Wildlife, Quito. 357 pp.

[CC1974-4] Cinelli, F. and Colantoni, P. 1974. Alcune osservazioni del benthos marino sulle coste recciose delle isole Galápagos (Oceano Pacifico). Gruppo ricerche scientifiche e tecniche subacquee, Firenze. 22 pp.

[MG1972-5] Mead, G.W., Silva, P.C., Earle, S.A., Rozaire, C.A. and Janss, E. 1972. R/V Searcher Cruise 72-1 Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. 49 pp.

[6] Hedgpeth, J.W. 1969. An intertidal reconnaissance of rocky shores of Galápagos. Wasmann Journal of Biology 27: 1-24.

[7] Robinson, G. 1985. The influence of the 1982-83 El Niño on Galápagos marine life. In: G. Robinson and E.M. Del Pino (eds) El Niño en las Islas Galapagos: el evento de 1982-1983, pp. 153-190. Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galápagos Islands, Quito.

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