原花青素C1

原花青素C1
	IUPAC名; (12R,13R,14R,22R,23R,24S,32R,33R)-12,22,32-Tris(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-12H,22H,32H-[14,28:24,38-ter-1-benzopyran]-13,15,17,23,25,27,33,35,37-nonol
別名	Procyanidin C1; Procyanidol C1; Epicatechin-(4.beta.-->8)epicatechin-(4.beta.-->8)epicatechin; Epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin--(4β→8)-epicatechin
識別
CAS編號	37064-30-5
PubChem	169853
ChemSpider	148540
SMILES	c1cc(c(cc1[C@@H]2[C@@H](Cc3c(cc(c(c3O2)[C@H]4c5c(cc(c(c5O[C@@H]([C@@H]4O)c6ccc(c(c6)O)O)[C@H]7c8c(cc(cc8O[C@@H]([C@@H]7O)c9ccc(c(c9)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O;
InChI	1/C45H38O18/c46-18-10-27(54)33-32(11-18)61-42(16-2-5-21(48)25(52)8-16)39(59)37(33)35-29(56)14-30(57)36-38(40(60)43(63-45(35)36)17-3-6-22(49)26(53)9-17)34-28(55)13-23(50)19-12-31(58)41(62-44(19)34)15-1-4-20(47)24(51)7-15/h1-11,13-14,31,37-43,46-60H,12H2/t31-,37-,38+,39-,40-,41-,42-,43-/m1/s1;
InChIKey	MOJZMWJRUKIQGL-XILRTYJMBW
ChEBI	75643
KEGG	C17624
性質
化學式	C45H38O18
莫耳質量	866.77 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
	若非註明，所有數據均出自標準狀態（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

原花青素C1（Procyanidin C1，簡稱PCC1）是一種B型前花青素（B type proanthocyanidin），是一種可在釀酒葡萄中找到的表兒茶素三聚體。^[1]

自然中的分布與功用

原花青素C1可從釀酒葡萄的種子萃取物中分離出來。^[2]

化學合成

有七種芐酯前花青素三聚體（其中包括原花青素C1、原花青素C2及其他幾種「表兒茶素-(4β-8)-兒茶素-(4α-8)-表兒茶素」三聚體），可透過以三氟甲磺酸三甲基矽酯進行催化的凝結反應進行高產量的不對稱合成；而苄酯化的原花青素C2的結構可藉由比較以兩種不同路徑合成的受保護的原花青素C2的1H NMR光譜進行確認；此外，對「(+)-兒茶素」以及「(-)-表兒茶素」三聚體衍生物的去保護作用，可以相當良好的產量製成四種自然的原花青素三聚體。^[3]

研究

原花青素C1可以延長老鼠的壽命並使其更加健康；此外，在植入人類前列腺癌細胞的小鼠模型中，原花青素C1可以大幅增加化學療法的效果。^[2]^[4]

外部連結

Carissa Wong: Grape seed chemical allows mice to live longer by killing aged cells （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. NewScientist, 6 December 2021

參考資料

^ Proanthocyanidin composition of red Vitis vinifera varieties from the Douro valley during ripening : Influence of cultivation altitude. Mateus Nuno, Marques Sara, Goncalves Ana C., Machado José M. and De Freitas Victor, American journal of enology and viticulture, 2001, vol. 52, no2, pp. 115-121, INIST（法語：Institut de l'information scientifique et technique）:1129642
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Carissa Wong. Grape seed chemical allows mice to live longer by killing aged cells. New Scientist. Dec 6, 2021 [2022-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-21）.
^ Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Proanthocyanidin Trimers with TMSOTf-Catalyzed Intermolecular Condensation. Akiko Saito, Akira Tanaka, Makoto Ubukata and Noriyuki Nakajima, Synlett, 2004, volume 6, pages 1069-1073, doi:10.1055/s-2004-822905
^ Xu, Qixia; et al. The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice. Nature Metabolism. Dec 6, 2021 [2022-02-07]. doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00491-8. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-18）.

[1] Proanthocyanidin composition of red Vitis vinifera varieties from the Douro valley during ripening : Influence of cultivation altitude. Mateus Nuno, Marques Sara, Goncalves Ana C., Machado José M. and De Freitas Victor, American journal of enology and viticulture, 2001, vol. 52, no2, pp. 115-121, INIST（法語：Institut de l'information scientifique et technique）:1129642

[Wong-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Carissa Wong. Grape seed chemical allows mice to live longer by killing aged cells. New Scientist. Dec 6, 2021 [2022-02-07]. （原始內容存檔於2021-12-21）.

[3] Efficient Stereoselective Synthesis of Proanthocyanidin Trimers with TMSOTf-Catalyzed Intermolecular Condensation. Akiko Saito, Akira Tanaka, Makoto Ubukata and Noriyuki Nakajima, Synlett, 2004, volume 6, pages 1069-1073, doi:10.1055/s-2004-822905

[4] Xu, Qixia; et al. The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice. Nature Metabolism. Dec 6, 2021 [2022-02-07]. doi:10.1038/s42255-021-00491-8. （原始內容存檔於2022-02-18）.

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