政治極化

在政治領域，政治極化是指群体政治态度在意識形態方面偏离中间派，走向“極端化”的过程^[1]^[2]^[3]。

一般而言，政治学中大多数关于政治极化的讨论都是在具有多个政党和保有民主政府制度的背景下考虑的，在大多数两党制國家中，政治极化是該國二元政治意识形态對立的体現^[4]^[5]。然而，一些政治学家断言，当代政治极化可能较少取决于左翼-右翼维度的政策差异，而是越来越多地取决于其他分歧，如宗教对世俗，民族主义对国际主义，传统对现代，或农村对城市^[6]。

參見

議會暴力
南綠北藍
紅州與藍州
英國紅牆
波蘭A和B
韓國地域對立
烏克蘭地域對立
「迴聲室效應」，網路演算法上導致社群網路中出過濾氣泡，俗稱社群同溫層。
仇恨言論

参考文献

^ DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany. Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 1 November 1996, 102 (3): 690–755 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1086/230995. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.
^ Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew. Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology. 1 September 2008, 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255 . S2CID 222436264. doi:10.1086/590649.
^ Fiorina, Morris P.; Abrams, Samuel J. Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science. 1 June 2008, 11 (1): 563–588. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.
^ Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. Is Polarization a Myth?. The Journal of Politics. 27 March 2008, 70 (2): 542 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493. （原始内容存档于2021-03-17）.
^ Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. A New Partisan Voter (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 27 January 2009, 71 (1): 1 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.
^ McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat. Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities. American Behavioral Scientist. January 2018, 62 (1): 16–42. ISSN 0002-7642. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576.

[dimaggio-96-1] DiMaggio, Paul; Evans, John; Bryson, Bethany. Have American's Social Attitudes Become More Polarized? (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 1 November 1996, 102 (3): 690–755 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1086/230995. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-04）.

[baldassarri-08-2] Baldassarri, Delia; Gelman, Andrew. Partisans without Constraint: Political Polarization and Trends in American Public Opinion. American Journal of Sociology. 1 September 2008, 114 (2): 408–446. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.69.255 . S2CID 222436264. doi:10.1086/590649.

[fiorina-08-3] Fiorina, Morris P.; Abrams, Samuel J. Political Polarization in the American Public. Annual Review of Political Science. 1 June 2008, 11 (1): 563–588. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836.

[abramowitz-08-4] Abramowitz, Alan I.; Saunders, Kyle L. Is Polarization a Myth?. The Journal of Politics. 27 March 2008, 70 (2): 542 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608080493. （原始内容存档于2021-03-17）.

[bafumi-09-5] Bafumi, Joseph; Shapiro, Robert Y. A New Partisan Voter (PDF). The Journal of Politics. 27 January 2009, 71 (1): 1 [2020-11-03]. doi:10.1017/S0022381608090014. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04）.

[:3-6] McCoy, Jennifer; Rahman, Tahmina; Somer, Murat. Polarization and the Global Crisis of Democracy: Common Patterns, Dynamics, and Pernicious Consequences for Democratic Polities. American Behavioral Scientist. January 2018, 62 (1): 16–42. ISSN 0002-7642. doi:10.1177/0002764218759576.

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