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索馬利亞內戰 (2009年至今)

维基百科，自由的百科全书
索馬利亞內戰
索馬利亞內戰和反恐戰爭的一部分

截至2024年9月索馬利亞軍事局勢
  联邦政府（英语：Politics of Somalia）及其盟友控制区
  亲索马里势力控制区
  伊斯蘭國控制區
  青年党及其盟友（英语：Hizbul Islam）控制区
  索馬利蘭政府控制区
日期2009年1月31日 – 至今
(15年10个月2周又3天)
地点
索馬利亞
状态

進行中

参战方

蓋達組織及其盟友

伊斯兰党（英语：Hizbul Islam） (至 2010 年; 2012–2013)
據稱支持:
 厄立特里亚[1][2]
 伊朗[3]
 朝鲜[4]

 伊斯蘭國 (2015年起)[5][6]

 索马里

地區力量:
 美国[7][9][10]
支持:
 英国[11]
 土耳其[7][12]
 法國[13]
 義大利[14]
 俄羅斯[15][16]
指挥官与领导者

艾哈迈德·奥马尔（英语：Ahmad Umar）
(青年黨領導者)
Mahad Karate[19][20]
Fuad Qalaf
Sheikh Ali Dheere
Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir
Mohamed Mire[21]
Jehad Mostafa
Hassan Afgooye[22]
Abu Musa Mombasa

Casualties:

伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國 Abdul Qadir Mumin
(leader of ISS)

Casualties:
  • 伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國 Mahad Maalin †
  • 伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國 Abdihakim Mohamed Ibrahim ("Dhoqob") †

索马里 哈桑·谢赫·马哈茂德
(索马里总统)
索马里 Mohamed Hussein Roble
索马里 Hassan Mohomed Amardanbe
索马里 Odowaa Yusuf Rageh
邦特兰 Said Abdullahi Dani
加勒穆杜格 Ahmed Abdi Karie
Diomede Ndegeya[23]
Ahmed Mohamed Islam
Mohamed Ali Hassan
Abdiaziz Laftagareen

Casualties:
兵力

7,000–12,000 (2022)[25]

伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯蘭國 200–300[27]		 索马里 15,000 (2020)[28]
18,000 (2022)[29]
2,000 (2013)[30]
1,000 (2010)[31]
美国 ~600 (2019)[32]
伤亡与损失
29,219 人死亡[33] 索马里 26,411 人死亡[34]
3,500 人死亡[35]
美国 6 人死亡
美国 5 人受傷[36][37][38]

4,365 人死亡（2015 年）[39]

2009 年 1 月 – 2012 年 10 月:
4,093[40][41]–6,310[42][43][44] 死亡
10,938 人受傷[40][41]

死亡總數：65,273+ (截至 2023 年 12 月 8 日，根據ACLED)[45]

索馬利亞內戰（2009年至今）是索馬利亞內戰的持續階段，主要集中在索馬利亞南部和中部。[7]衝突始於2009年1月下旬，目前的衝突主要是在非洲聯盟維和部隊協助下的索馬利亞聯邦政府部隊和與蓋達組織結盟的青年黨武裝分子之間。[7]

相關條目

[编辑]

註釋

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  1. ^ Exclusive: Eritrea reduces support for al Shabaab – U.N. report. Reuters. 16 July 2012. 
  2. ^ How does 'poor' Eritrea afford to fund Al-Shabaab?. Africa Review. 8 November 2011 [5 July 2017]. （原始内容存档于12 October 2017）. 
  3. ^ Iran denies shipping arms to Islamist militants in Somalia. Reuters. 2013-02-14 [2023-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-23） （英语）. 
  4. ^ North Korean weapons used by terrorists in Somalia for attack on UN. Israel Defense. 2023-11-03 [2020-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27） （英语）. 
  5. ^ ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya. DefenseNews. 29 December 2015. 
  6. ^ Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting. Garowe Online. 24 December 2015 [28 January 2016]. （原始内容存档于26 January 2016）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Gaid, Samira. Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina , 编. The 2022 Somali Offensive Against al-Shabaab: Making Enduring Gains Will Require Learning from Previous Failures (PDF). CTC Sentinel (West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center). November–December 2022, 15 (11): 31–38 [25 January 2023]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于18 January 2023）. 
  8. ^ Somalia: Islamist Group Supports President Sharif. [14 February 2009]. （原始内容存档于19 October 2012）. 
  9. ^ In Somalia, U.S. Escalates a Shadow War – The New York Times. The New York Times. 16 October 2016 [22 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于23 October 2016）. 
  10. ^ David Brown. US airstrike kills Somalia fighter under new Trump authority. Washingtonexaminer.com. 31 July 2017 [22 October 2017]. （原始内容存档于18 August 2017）. 
  11. ^ First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission. The Guardian. 2 May 2016 [2 May 2016]. （原始内容存档于2 May 2016）. 
  12. ^ Dhaysane, Mohammed. New batch of Somali troops to get training in Turkey. www.aa.com.tr. 9 March 2021 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-07）. 
  13. ^ France reportedly bombs Somali town. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-29）. 
  14. ^ Italy pledges to Somali gov't financial support to uproot Al shabaab. Shabelle. 3 November 2010 [20 April 2011]. 原始内容存档于8 October 2021. 
  15. ^ Russia offers support to Somalian army in fight against terrorist groups. ABC News. [2023-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-20） （英语）. 
  16. ^ Russia Offers Military Support to Somalia. VOA. 2023-05-26 [2023-08-20]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-20） （英语）. 
  17. ^ Staff, Horseed. Somalia: SSC Forces Capture Somaliland's Goojacade military Base. Horseed Media. 2023-08-25 [2023-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2023-08-26） （英语）. 
  18. ^ Amokeoja, Oluwatomisin. SSC Administration Captures Somaliland's Main Military Base. BNN. 2023-08-25 [2023-09-04]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-04） （英语）. 
  19. ^ MAHAD KARATE | United Nations Security Council. www.un.org. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-06-25）. 
  20. ^ Mahad Karate - RewardsForJustice. rewardsforjustice.net. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-24）. 
  21. ^ Terrorist Designation of Al-Shabaab Leaders. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-09）. 
  22. ^ Treasury Designates al-Shabaab Financial Facilitators. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-15）. 
  23. ^ Lt. Gen. Diomede Ndegeya. atmis-au.org. 3 June 2022 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  24. ^ Somalia general killed by al-Shabab suicide car bomber. BBC News. 18 September 2016 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-28）. 
  25. ^ UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib. Nordic Monitor. February 9, 2022 [15 February 2022]. （原始内容存档于2022-02-15）. 
  26. ^ Somalia: Ideologial Differences Split Somalia's Al-Shabaab. allAfrica.com. 20 December 2009 [20 April 2011]. （原始内容存档于4 June 2011）. 
  27. ^ Maruf, Haran. IS Militants Seize Town in Somalia's Puntland. voanews.com. Voice of America. 26 October 2016 [29 October 2016]. （原始内容存档于30 October 2016）. 
  28. ^ Robinson, Colin D. "Rebuilding armies in southern Somalia: What currently should donors realistically aim for?," Conflict, Security & Development (2021): 320, 330-331.
  29. ^ Is the AU mission in Somalia changing in name only?. 29 March 2022 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-18）. 
  30. ^ Etpu – United Nations Security Council Report: Somalia (PDF): 12. [20 April 2011]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于28 April 2011）. 
  31. ^ Shabaab absorbs southern Islamist group, splits Hizbul Islam – The Long War Journal. longwarjournal.org. February 2010 [29 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于12 July 2015）. 
  32. ^ Browne, Ryan. US airstrikes help repel al-Shabaab attack on US base in Somalia. CNN. 30 September 2019 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  33. ^ Al Shabaab: Number of Deaths 2009–2021. UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  34. ^ Somalia Government: Number of Deaths 2009–2021. UCDP: Uppsala Conflict Data Program. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-27）. 
  35. ^ Exclusive: At Least 3,500 AU Soldiers Killed in Somalia Since 2007. www.voanews.com. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-24）. 
  36. ^ Somalia conflict: One US soldier killed, four wounded in firefight. BBC News. 9 June 2018 [14 June 2018]. （原始内容存档于14 June 2018）. 
  37. ^ Cooper, Helene. Navy SEAL Who Died in Somalia Was Alongside, Not Behind, Local Forces. The New York Times. 9 May 2017 [3 June 2017]. （原始内容存档于3 September 2017）. 
  38. ^ Camp Simba: Three Americans killed in Kenya base. BBC News. 5 January 2020 [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-03）. 
  39. ^ ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015). Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. [13 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于18 January 2016）. 
  40. ^ 40.0 40.1 allafrica More Than 1,700 Killed in Clashes in 2009 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期12 October 2012., 1 January 2010
  41. ^ 41.0 41.1 IRIN Africa Accusations traded over rising casualties at Mogadishu market 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期6 December 2010., 2 December 2010
  42. ^ Database – Uppsala Conflict Data Program. UCDP. [19 April 2013]. （原始内容存档于4 March 2016）. 
  43. ^ c.f. UCDP datasets for SNA, ARS/UIC and Al-Shabaab tolls.
  44. ^ UCDP non-state conflict 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期4 March 2016. tolls
  45. ^ ACLED Dashboard. ACLED. [2024-01-27]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-01）. 
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