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菲律宾毒品战争

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
菲律宾毒品战争
菲律賓總統羅德里戈·杜特爾特發起禁毒運動
日期2016 年7月1日–至今
(8年4个月又23天)
地點
菲律賓
狀況進行中[1]
衝突方

Local-based drug dealers, distributors:

Ninja cops (police officers engaged in the drug trade)

Suspected drug users

Foreign drug cartels:

領導人物

President Bongbong Marcos (2022–present)

傷亡
114 killed and 226 wounded (as of January 9, 2022)[20]
6,229 killed in official anti-drug operations (as of March 30, 2022)[21]
20,000 civilians killed (as of October 7, 2022)[22]

菲律宾毒品战争是菲律賓总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特执政期间发起的禁毒运动 [23]。在毒品戰爭期間，有不少人遭到法外处决。 [24]2022年，人权组织估计，有超过20,000名平民在菲律賓毒品戰爭中丧生。 [22]小费迪南德·马科斯當選總統後，表示會继续开展禁毒运动，不過他表示他會将重点放在毒品预防和戒毒上。 [25]

註釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its armed wing the New People's Army (NPA), initially cooperated with the government but withdrew its support for the government's campaign against drugs in August 2016. The CPP has vowed to continue operations, independent from the government's anti-drug campaign, against drug suspects.[3]
  2. ^ Foreign support towards the campaign against illegal drugs includes intelligence sharing, training of Filipino law enforcement officers, and financial aid explicitly meant for such purposes. Excludes governments which has only expressed verbal, diplomatic support, and pledges that have yet to be realized.

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Philippines: Rodrigo Duterte orders police back into deadly drug war. The Guardian (Agence France-Presse). December 6, 2017. 
  2. ^ NPA backs Duterte fight vs drugs. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. July 4, 2016 [March 6, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2024-07-10）. 
  3. ^ CPP: Duterte's drug war is 'anti-people, anti-democratic'. ABS-CBN News. [2024-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2024-02-22）. Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) has withdrawn its support for President Rodrigo Duterte's war on illegal drugs, saying it has "clearly become anti-people and anti-democratic.""; "In conclusion, the group said its armed wing, the New People's Army (NPA), will intensify its operations to arrest and disarm drug suspects, but will no longer cooperate with government's anti-narcotics drive. 
  4. ^ Lim, Frinston. MILF formally joins war on drugs. Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 3, 2017 [July 4, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2017-07-02）. 
  5. ^ Woody, Christopher. The Philippines' president has declared a war on drugs, and it's turned normal people into hired killers. Business Insider. September 5, 2016 [September 22, 2016]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-21）. 
  6. ^ Philippines: The police's murderous war on the poor. Amnesty International. January 31, 2017 [February 9, 2017]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-23）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Richard Heydarian. Manila's war on drugs is helping to build bridges between China and the Philippines. South China Morning Post. October 1, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2017-10-01）. 
  8. ^ Mirasol, Jeremy Dexter. Cooperation with China on the Philippines' War on Drugs. Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies (CIRSS). May 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始内容存档于March 7, 2019）. 
  9. ^ Aben, Elena L. Singapore backs Duterte's tough stance against drugs. Manila Bulletin. December 17, 2016 [March 4, 2019]. （原始内容存档于December 1, 2018）. 
  10. ^ Nyshka Chandran. The US-Philippine relationship is central to two of Asia's thorniest issues. CNBC. November 14, 2017 [July 10, 2018]. （原始内容存档于2017-11-14）. 
  11. ^ 18 killed overnight in Manila. August 17, 2017 [March 6, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-18）. 
  12. ^ 6 gun-for-hire gang men killed in Rizal shootout. Tempo: News Flashes. [2024-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-20）.  October 10, 2018
  13. ^ Shape up, Duterte warns those reviving 'Kuratong Baleleng'. Manila Bulletin. December 1, 2020 [January 22, 2021]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-13）. 
  14. ^ LEADER OF SIGUE-SIGUE SPUTNIK GANG AND NONOY ROBBERY/SNATCHING GROUP ARRESTED IN SAMPALOC, MANILA. NCRPO. [February 22, 2021]. （原始内容存档于January 27, 2022）.  July 28, 2020
  15. ^ Sinaloa cartel in cahoots with Chinese syndicates for Philippine ops – PDEA. ABS-CBN News. February 13, 2019 [February 13, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）. 
  16. ^ PDEA names triads behind shabu supply in Philippines. The Philippine Star. October 3, 2017 [February 13, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2024-01-16）. 
  17. ^ Colombian drug cartel active in PH, PDEA says. February 27, 2019 [February 27, 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-10-16）. 
  18. ^ Philippines: Abu Sayyaf uses drugs for recruits, funds. September 29, 2016 [2024-06-23]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-26）. 
  19. ^ Tupas, Emmanuel. New PNP chief vows to sustain war on drugs. The Philippine Star. [2022-08-19]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）. 
  20. ^ Philippine Information Agency #RealNumbersPH 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期July 16, 2018，.
  21. ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey. Give drug war report to human rights groups, Duterte tells PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022 [April 17, 2022]. （原始内容存档于March 31, 2022） （英语）. 
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 Schlein, Lein. UN: For Victims of Philippines 'War on Drugs,' Justice Remains Elusive. Voices of America. October 7, 2022 [2024-04-22]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-25） （美国英语）. 
  23. ^ Caliwan, Christopher Lloyd. Over 24K villages 'drug-cleared' as of February: PDEA. Philippine News Agency. March 30, 2022. （原始内容存档于March 31, 2022） （英语）. 
  24. ^ Valente, Catherine S. First 100 days yield significant accomplishments. The Manila Times. October 8, 2016 [May 15, 2022]. （原始内容存档于December 5, 2019） （英语）. 
  25. ^ Patag, Kristine Joy. A quick look at Bongbong Marcos and his 'unity' campaign. February 27, 2022 [July 2, 2022]. （原始内容存档于June 25, 2022）. 
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