瑪莎·P·約翰遜
| 瑪莎·P·約翰遜 Marsha P. Johnson | |
|---|---|
| 出生 | Malcolm Michaels Jr.[1][2][3][4] 1945年8月24日[1][2][3] 美國新澤西州伊麗莎白[5] |
| 逝世 | 1992年7月6日（46歲）[5] 美國紐約 |
| 知名於 | 同性戀解放運動 |
瑪莎·約翰遜（英語：Marsha P. Johnson，1945年8月24日—1992年7月6日）是美國同性戀解放運動[6][7]活動人士、變裝皇后打扮者、變性人[8][9] [10]，1969年石牆暴動中的核心人物之一，[6] [11] [12]此外她還是同性戀解放陣線和街頭易裝癖行動革命者創始成員。[13]1992年，約翰遜的遺體在哈德遜河被發現。警察最初判斷死亡原因為自殺[14]，但約翰遜的友人堅持認為約翰遜是被他殺[15][16]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Washington, K.C. Marsha P. Johnson (1945–1992). BlackPast.org. April 9, 2019 [June 30, 2020]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-14）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Sewell Chan. Marsha P. Johnson, a Transgender Pioneer and Activist – The New York Times. The New York Times (Nytimes.com). March 8, 2018 [March 9, 2018]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-28）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Scan of Birth Certificate （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Name: Malcolm Michaels; Sex: Male; Place of Birth: St. Elizabeth Hospital; Date of Birth: August 24, 1945; Registration Date: August 27, 1945; Date of Issue: September 4, 1990. Accessed September 10, 2015.
- ^ U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007, Death, Burial, Cemetery & Obituaries: "Michaels, Malcolm Jr [Malcolm Mike Michaels Jr], [M Michae Jr], [Malculm Jr]. …Gender: Male. Race: Black. Birth Date: 24 Aug 1945. Birth Place: Elizabeth, Union, New Jersey [Elizabeth, New Jersey]. Death Date: Jul 1992. Database on-line. Provo, UT, US: Ancestry.com"
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Chan 2018.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Kasino 2012.
- ^ I've been involved in gay liberation ever since it first started in 1969, 15:20 into the interview, Johnson is quoted as saying this.
- ^ 誰「有權」訴說黑人女變性者的故事？. BBC. [2020-07-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-26）.
- ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries. 工人世界黨. September 24, 2006 [July 15, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-09）.
Stonewall combatants Sylvia Rivera and Marsha "Pay It No Mind" Johnson... Both were self-identified drag queens.
- ^ Two Transgender Activists Are Getting a Monument in New York. May 29, 2019 [2020-07-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-30）.
'I was no one, nobody, from Nowheresville, until I became a drag queen,' Ms. Johnson said in 1992.
- ^ Carter, David. Stonewall: The Riots that Sparked the Gay Revolution. St. Martin's. 2004: 64, 261, 298. ISBN 0-312-20025-0.
- ^ Making Gay History: Episode 11 – Johnson & Wicker. 1987 [July 6, 2017]. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-02）.
- ^ Giffney, Noreen. Queering the Non/Human. December 28, 2012: 252 [July 9, 2017]. ISBN 9781409491408. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-01）.
- ^ Feinberg, Leslie. Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman. 波士頓: Beacon Press. 1996: 131. ISBN 0-8070-7941-3.
- ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Bennie Toney 1992". Accessed July 26, 2015.
- ^ Wicker, Randolfe (1992) "Marsha P Johnson – People's Memorial". Accessed July 26, 2015.
資料來源
[編輯]
- Carter, David. Stonewall: the riots that sparked the gay revolution. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. May 25, 2010 [2020-07-03]. ISBN 9780312671938. OCLC 659681252. （原始內容存檔於2020-07-01）.
- Chan, Sewell. Marsha P. Johnson: A transgender pioneer and activist who was a fixture of Greenwich Village street life.. The New York Times. March 8, 2018 [2020-07-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-28）.
- Pay It No Mind – The Life and Times of Marsha P. Johnson. 2012 [2020-07-03]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-24）.
