莱氏绿僵菌
莱氏绿僵菌 | |
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科学分类 | |
界: | 真菌界 Fungi |
门: | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota |
纲: | 粪壳菌纲 Sordariomycetes |
目: | 肉座菌目 Hypocreales |
科: | 麦角菌科 Clavicipitaceae |
属: | 黑僵菌属 Metarhizium |
种: | 莱氏绿僵菌 M. rileyi
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二名法 | |
Metarhizium rileyi (Farl.) Kepler, Rehner & Humber (2014)
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异名 | |
Nomuraea rileyi (Farl.) Samson (1974)[1] |
莱氏绿僵菌(学名:Metarhizium rileyi),又名莱氏野村菌、莱氏野村霉,有时简称绿僵菌,是黑僵菌属的一种虫生真菌,可感染玉米穗虫、番茄夜蛾、甜菜斜纹夜蛾、草地贪夜蛾(秋行军虫)等超过60种鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫,而有用作生物农药以抑制数种农业害虫生长的潜力[6]。本种过去属于野村霉属(Nomuraea),2014年,一篇分子种系发生学研究结果显示野村霉属为复系群,并将本种该归入黑僵菌属[7][8]。
感染过程
[编辑]莱氏绿僵菌感染昆虫的过程可分为数个阶段,其分生孢子为疏水性,可结合于同为疏水性的昆虫体表,孢子表面的多种水解酵素可分解昆虫的表皮,并于环境适宜时萌发成菌丝,穿透昆虫表皮而进入其体内。当菌丝长至昆虫的血淋巴时,会形成许多芽孢体(hyphal bodies, hb),芽孢体可脱离菌丝,如酵母菌般在血淋巴中自由复制、生长,其细胞表面的病原相关分子模式不被昆虫的吞噬细胞视为外来者,因此不会受到攻击。当芽孢体的密度达到一阈值时,会透过群体感应使其会转换回菌丝顶端生长(apical growth)的生长模式[9],形成菌丝体,同时可分泌多种酵素,在数小时内快速杀死宿主并分解其组织[10][11]。
生物农药
[编辑]莱氏绿僵菌可作为生物农药,用以控制多种鳞翅目的农业害虫。以莱氏绿僵菌控制草地贪夜蛾(秋行军虫)虫害的生物农药正在研制开发中[12]。
参见
[编辑]参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Roskov Y., Kunze T., Orrell T., Abucay L., Paglinawan L., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Decock W., De Wever A., Didžiulis V. (ed). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.. Species 2000: Reading, UK. 2011 [22 July 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-07-23).
- ^ Gösswald (1939) , In: Arb. biol. BundAnst. Land-u. Forstw. 22:434
- ^ Charles (1936) , In: Mycologia 28:398
- ^ 4.0 4.1 CABI databases. [24 January 2013]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-22).
- ^ Maubl. (1903) , In: Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 19:296
- ^ Fronza, Edegar; Specht, Alexandre; Heinzen, Horacio; de Barros, Neiva Monteiro. Metarhizium (Nomuraea) rileyi as biological control agent. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 2017, 27 (11): 1243–1264. ISSN 0958-3157. doi:10.1080/09583157.2017.1391175.
- ^ Ryan M. Kepler, Richard A. Humber, Joseph F. Bischoff & Stephen A. Rehner. Clarification of generic and species boundaries for Metarhizium and related fungi through multigene phylogenetics. Mycologia: 811-829. doi:10.3852/13-319.
- ^ Metarhizium rileyi. MycoBank. [2019-06-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-29).
- ^ Ann E. Hajek; David I. Shapiro-Ilan. Ecology of Invertebrate Diseases. Wiley. 27 October 2017: 632. ISBN 978-1-119-25601-4.
- ^ Boucias, D.; Liu, S.; Meagher, R.; Baniszewski, J. Fungal dimorphism in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium rileyi: Detection of an in vivo quorum-sensing system. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2016, 136: 100–108. ISSN 0022-2011. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2016.03.013.
- ^ Liu, Shouzhu; Xu, Zhimin; Wang, Xueying; Zhao, Lvquan; Wang, Guiqing; Li, Xuewen; Zhang, Leilei. Pathogenicity and in vivo Development of Metarhizium rileyi Against Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2019. ISSN 0022-0493. doi:10.1093/jee/toz098.
- ^ Grijalba, Erika Paola; Espinel, Carlos; Cuartas, Paola Emilia; Chaparro, Martha Liliana; Villamizar, Laura Fernanda. Metarhizium rileyi biopesticide to control Spodoptera frugiperda: Stability and insecticidal activity under glasshouse conditions. Fungal Biology. 2018, 122 (11): 1069–1076. ISSN 1878-6146. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2018.08.010.