說明:希伯來語國際音標
 | 這頁是維基百科的希伯來語國際音標發音指南。 |
下列圖表展示了國際音標（IPA）在維基百科條目中表示希伯來語發音的方式。對於有關在維基百科條目中添加IPA字符的指南，請參見{{IPA-he}}、{{IPAc-he}}與Wikipedia:格式手冊/音標 § Notes。
由於現代希伯來語在以色列有非東方和東方兩種發音，因此某些字母的轉錄可能會因說話者而異。請參閱現代希伯來語音系以更全面地了解希伯來語的發音。
| 聖經希伯來語 | 現代希伯來語 | 字母 | 羅馬化 | 英語及其他語言中的相同或近似發音 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | בּ (Beť dǝgušah) | b | bet | |
| d | דּ (Daleť dǝgušah) | d | dark | |
| ð | d | ד (Ďaleť rafah) | ď, dh, d | 聖經希伯來語: this 現代希伯來語: dark |
| f | פ ף (Fei rafah) | f 或 p̄ | fool | |
| ɡ | גּ (Gimel dǝgušah) | g | go | |
| ɣ | ɡ | ג (Ǧimel rafah) | ǧ, gh, g | 聖經希伯來語: 西班牙語 fuego 現代希伯來語: go |
| h | ה (Hei) | h | hen | |
| ħ[1] | χ | ח (Ḥeť) | ḥ 或 ch | 聖經希伯來語: hen 但是咽音 現代希伯來語: 蘇格蘭英語 loch |
| j | י (Yoď) | y | yes | |
| k | כּ (Kaf dǝgušah) |
k | skin | |
| l | ל (Lameď) | l | left | |
| m | מ ם (Mem) | m | man | |
| n | נ ן (Nun) | n | no | |
| p | פּ (Pei dǝgušah) | p | spin | |
| q[1] | k | ק (Qof) | q 或 k | 聖經希伯來語: cup 但是小舌音. 現代希伯來語: skin. |
| r[2] | ʁ | ר (Resh) | r | 聖經希伯來語: 顫音或閃音 run. 現代希伯來語: 法語 rouge |
| s | ס (Samekh) שׂ (Sin smalit) |
s | see | |
| sˤ | ts[3] | צ ץ (Ṣadi) | ṣ, ts (or tz) | cats |
| ʃ | שׁ (Šin Yemanit) | š 或 sh | she | |
| t | תּ (Taw) | t | sting | |
| tˤ | t | ט (Ṭeť) | ṭ, t | sting |
| θ | t | ת (Ťaw) | ť, th, t | thing |
| v | ב (Veť rafah) |
v | voice | |
| w | v | ו (Vav) | v | 聖經希伯來語: would 現代希伯來語: vote |
| x | χ | כ ך (Ǩaf rafah) | ǩ 或 ch/kh | 蘇格蘭英語 loch |
| z | ז (Zayin) | z | zoo | |
| ʕ[1] | ʔ | ע (Ayin) | ʿ 或 ' | 聖經希伯來語: 英語中無對應發音；阿拉伯語 'ayn (ع) 現代希伯來語: uh-(ʔ)oh |
| ʔ | א (Alef) |
ʾ 或 ' | uh-(ʔ)oh | |
| IPA | 字母 | 羅馬化 | 英語 |
|---|---|---|---|
| dʒ[3] | ג׳ (帶geresh的Gimel) | ǧ 或 j | joy |
| ŋ | נג (Nun-Gimel) | ng | ring |
| ʒ | ז׳ (帶geresh的Zayin) | ž | beige |
| tʃ[3] | צ׳ ץ׳ (帶geresh的Ṣadi) | č 或 ch | chair |
| θ[4] | ת׳ (帶geresh的Tav) | th | thing |
| ð[4] | ד׳ (帶geresh的Dalet) | th | the |
| w[5] | וו (雙Vav) | w | we |
| ɣ[6] | ע' (帶geresh的Ayin) | gh |
| 聖經希伯來語 | 現代希伯來語 | 字母 | 羅馬化 | 英語中的相同或近似發音 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a |  (Patach)
|
a | father | |
| e |  (Zeire)
|
e | 蘇格蘭英語 bay | |
| ɛ | e |  (Segol)
|
ɛ, e | 聖經希伯來語: bed 現代希伯來語: 蘇格蘭英語 bay |
| ə |  (Shva)
|
ǝ, e | 聖經希伯來語: comma | |
| i | י (Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq)
|
i | see | |
| o |  (Holam alone), וֹ (with any mater lectionis)
|
o | story | |
| ɔ | o |  (Kamatz katan)
|
ɔ, o | 聖經希伯來語: off 現代希伯來語: story |
| a | (Kamatz)
|
ɔ, a | father | |
| u | וּ (帶shuruk的Vav),  (Kubutz)
|
u | boot | |
| IPA | 字母 | 羅馬化 | 英語中的相同或近似發音 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ei | י (Segol-Yud), (Zeire)
|
ei | day |
| ai | י (Patach-Yud), י (Kamatz-Yud)
|
ai | why |
| oi | וֹי (帶holam male-Yud的Vav) | oi | boy |
| ui | וּי (帶shuruq-Yud的Vav) | ui | two years |
| ao (罕) | אוֹ (Alef-Vav) | ao | cow |
| ju (罕) | יוּ (帶shuruk的Yud-Vav) | yu | cute |
| ij (罕) | יְ(帶Shva Nach的Hiriq-Yud) i.e. "נִיְלֵן" [nijˈlen] |
iy | 近似 see |
| IPA | 解釋 |
|---|---|
| ˈ | Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): אֹכֶל ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/ |
| ˌ | Secondary stress, e.g. הַאֻמְנָם? ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/ |
| ː | Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be יָד /jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־ /jad/ in construct state.[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: גַּנָּב ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/ |
注釋
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ have merged with /χ, ʔ, k/ respectively, but /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.
- ^ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but a few speakers, mostly Sefardim and some news broadcasters, retain an alveolar pronunciation: [r]~[ɾ].
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].
- ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to [v].
- ^ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין (Ghayn) /ɣain/.
- ^ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.