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草稿:精神藥物公約

維基百科,自由的百科全書

精神藥物公約》是一項控制苯丙胺LSD精神藥物聯合國公約,1971年2月21日於奧地利維也納簽署通過。1961年制定的《麻醉品單一公約》無法禁止新出現的精神類藥物,它所禁止的只有有限的古柯大麻及鴉片衍生物。

該公約界定了精神藥物的範圍,規定了精神藥物的管制措施,並規定了對違反公約的處罰方法。

締約國[編輯]

直到2018年2月,該公約共有184個締約國。[1]其中包括聯合國中的182個國家, 以及 聖座巴勒斯坦. 聯合國中未在此條約中的11個國家分別為:東帝汶赤道幾內亞海地基里巴斯利比里亞瑙魯薩摩亞所羅門群島南蘇丹圖瓦盧瓦努阿圖。利比里亞已簽署該條約,但尚未批准。

受管制物質附表[編輯]

附表及其中現有物質的清單可在國際麻醉品管制局的網站上找到。[2]

該條約包括了四份受管制物質的附表,從附表一(限制性最強)到附表四(限制性最低)。1971 年條約附有一份精神藥物清單及其相應附表。條約中並未對每個附表中所包含的物質的共有特徵進行正式描述,而,1970年的美國受管制物質法案則對其中的每個附表,都提供了具體的定義標準。[3] 2002年的一份歐洲議會與1996的一份來自UNODC的就苯丙胺類興奮劑(ATS)的報告對國際附表做了如下的描述:[3][4]

A 1999 UNODC report notes that Schedule I is a completely different regime from the other three. According to that report, Schedule I mostly contains hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD that are produced by illicit laboratories, while the other three Schedules are mainly for licitly produced pharmaceuticals. The UNODC report[6] also claims that the Convention's Schedule I controls are stricter than those provided for under the Single Convention, a contention that seems to be contradicted by the 2002 Senate of Canada[7] and 2003 European Parliament reports.[8]

Although estimates and other controls specified by the Single Convention are not present in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, the International Narcotics Control Board corrected the omission by asking Parties to submit information and statistics not required by the Convention, and using the initial positive responses from various organic drug producing states to convince others to follow.[9] In addition, the Convention does impose tighter restrictions on imports and exports of Schedule I substances. A 1970 Bulletin on Narcotics report notes:[10]

LSD, mescaline, etc., are controlled in a way which is more stringent than morphine under the narcotics treaties. Article 7, which sets down this regime, provides that such substances can only be moved in international trade when both exporter and importer are government authorities, or government agencies or institutions specially authorized for the purpose; in addition to this very rigid identification of supplier and recipient, in each case export and import authorization is also mandatory.

Category:藥物政策 Category:藥物管制法律 Category:藥物管制條約 Category:刑事司法改革 Category:犯罪 Category:全球衛生 Category:公共衛生 Category:健康政策 Category:國際法 Category:世界衛生組織 Category:聯合國經濟和社會理事會

  1. ^ Convention on Psychotropic Substances: Treaty status 互聯網檔案館存檔,存檔日期31 March 2016..
  2. ^ List of Psychotropic Substances under International Control (技術報告) 28. International Narcotics Control Board. January 2018 [20 March 2018]. (原始內容存檔於15 March 2018). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Amphetamine-Type Stimulants: A Global Review (PDF). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: 5. [11 September 2015]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於5 March 2016). 
  4. ^ Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Working document on the UN conventions on drugs. 6 October 2003 [15 April 2006]. (原始內容存檔於4 March 2006). 
  5. ^ Outcome of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization (PDF) (技術報告) 1018. World Health Organization. June 2018 [9 July 2019]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於29 April 2020). 
  6. ^ Bayer, I.; H. Ghodse. Evolution of international drug control, 1945–1995. 1999 [15 April 2006]. (原始內容存檔於13 January 2006).  已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)
  7. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為CansenReport的參考文獻提供內容
  8. ^ Kathalijne Maria Buitenweg. Report Including a Proposal for a Recommendation of the European Parliament to the Council on the Reform of the Conventions on Drugs (PDF). Committee on Citizens' Freedoms and Rights, Justice and Home Affairs, European Parliament. 24 March 2003 [15 April 2006]. [永久失效連結]
  9. ^ Monthly Status of Treaty Adherence. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 2005 [15 April 2006]. (原始內容存檔於13 January 2006).  已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)
  10. ^ The Protocol on Psychotropic Substances. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1 January 1970 [15 April 2006]. (原始內容存檔於13 January 2006).  已忽略未知參數|df= (幫助)